Self-compassion and its cultivation in psychological interventions are associated with improved mental health well-being. However, the underlying processes for this not well understood. We randomly assigned 135 participants to study effect of two short-term self-compassion exercises on self-reported-state mood psychophysiological responses compared three control conditions negative (rumination), neutral, positive (excitement) valence. Increased self-compassion, affiliative affect, decreased...

Abstract Monitoring for errors and behavioral adjustments after are essential daily life. A question that has not been addressed systematically yet, is whether consciously perceived lead to different compared unperceived errors. Our goal was develop a task would enable us study commonly observed neural correlates of error processing post-error in their relation awareness accuracy confidence single experiment. We assessed performance new number judgement 70 participants. used multiple,...

Deficits in reward learning are core symptoms across many mental disorders. Recent work suggests that such impairments arise by a diminished ability to use history guide behaviour, but the neuro-computational mechanisms through which these emerge remain unclear. Moreover, limited has taken transdiagnostic approach investigate whether psychological and neural give rise deficits shared forms of psychopathology. To provide insight into this issue, we explored probabilistic patients diagnosed...

The feedback-related negativity (FRN) is a well-established electrophysiological correlate of feedback-processing. However, there still an ongoing debate whether the FRN driven by negative or positive reward prediction errors (RPE), valence feedback, mere surprise. Our study disentangles independent contributions valence, surprise, and RPE on neuronal signal including P3 components using statistical power sample N = 992 healthy individuals. participants performed modified time-estimation...

A prominent account of decision-making assumes that information is accumulated until a fixed response threshold crossed. However, many decisions require weighting appropriately against time. Collapsing thresholds are mathematically optimal solution to this decision problem. our understanding the neurocomputational mechanisms underlying dynamic remains significantly incomplete. To investigate issue, we used multistage drift–diffusion model (DDM) and also analyzed EEG β power lateralization...

Abstract Learning an association does not always succeed on the first attempt. Previous studies associated increased error signals in posterior medial frontal cortex with improved memory formation. However, neurophysiological mechanisms that facilitate post-error learning remain poorly understood. To address this gap, participants performed a feedback-based task and 1-back localizer task. Increased hemodynamic responses were found for internal external origins of evidence, during encoding...

Optimal decision making in complex environments requires dynamic learning from unexpected events. To speed up learning, we should heavily weight information that indicates state-action-outcome contingency changes and ignore uninformative fluctuations the environment. Often, however, unrelated is hard to can potentially bias our learning. Here used computational modelling EEG investigate behaviour a modified probabilistic choice task introduced two task-irrelevant factors were for optimal...

Abstract Objectives In order to address an important gap in understanding mechanisms of depressive relapse, we complemented self-report with psychophysiological measures a specifically developed brief self-compassion exercise, examine if mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) reduces dispositional negative self-bias individuals recurrent depression. Methods Individuals’ responses (self-report, heart rate, rate variability and skin conductance) during previously validated exercise were...

Abstract Performance monitoring (PM) is a vital component of adaptive behavior and known to be influenced by motivation. We examined effects potential gain (PG) loss avoidance (LA) on neural correlates PM at different processing stages, using task with trial-based changes in these motivational contexts. Findings suggest more attention allocated the PG context, higher amplitudes for respective stimulus feedback processing. The context favored rapid responses, while LA emphasized accurate...

This chapter outlines the involvement of posterior medial frontal cortex (pMFC) in performance monitoring, cognitive control, and decision making. We first describe neuroanatomy pMFC. then review functional contributions pMFC to resulting adaptations, Based on evidence reviewed this chapter, we conclude that a broad array monitoring decision-making signals are represented Specific properties these allow monitor performance, implement necessary adjustments, perform complex reward environment...

Abstract A prominent account of decision-making assumes that information is accumulated until a fixed response threshold crossed. However, many decisions require weighting appropriately against time. Collapsing thresholds are mathematically optimal solution to this decision problem. our understanding the neurocomputational mechanisms underly dynamic remains very incomplete. To investigate issue, we used multistage drift diffusion model (DDM) and also analysed EEG beta power lateralization...

Abstract The ability to calibrate learning according new information is a fundamental component of an organism’s adapt changing conditions. Yet, the exact neural mechanisms guiding dynamic rate adjustments remain unclear. Catecholamines appear play critical role in adjusting degree which we use over time, but individuals vary widely manner they adjust changes. Here, studied effects low dose methamphetamine (MA), and individual differences these effects, on probabilistic reversal dynamics...

The ability to calibrate learning according new information is a fundamental component of an organism’s adapt changing conditions. Yet, the exact neural mechanisms guiding dynamic rate adjustments remain unclear. Catecholamines appear play critical role in adjusting degree which we use over time, but individuals vary widely manner they adjust changes. Here, studied effects low dose methamphetamine (MA), and individual differences these effects, on probabilistic reversal dynamics...

The ability to calibrate learning according new information is a fundamental component of an organism’s adapt changing conditions. Yet, the exact neural mechanisms guiding dynamic rate adjustments remain unclear. Catecholamines appear play critical role in adjusting degree which we use over time, but individuals vary widely manner they adjust changes. Here, studied effects low dose methamphetamine (MA), and individual differences these effects, on probabilistic reversal dynamics...

The Concealed Information Test (CIT) is frequently used to determine the presence of crime-related information in a suspect's memory. In this paper, we conducted meta-analysis test validity CIT differentiate between guilty and innocent individuals based on ampli-tude differences P300 component event-related potential. We included experimental studies that either mock-crime paradigm or personal-item paradigm. results show large mean effect size (d*) 1.70 for P300. Moderation analysis showed...

Abstract Optimal decision making in complex environments requires dynamic learning from unexpected events. To speed up learning, we should heavily weight information that indicates state-action-outcome contingency changes and ignore uninformative fluctuations the environment. Often, however, unrelated is hard to can potentially bias our learning. Here used computational modelling EEG investigate behaviour a modified probabilistic choice task introduced two types of events were irrelevant for...

Negative self-bias is a detrimental vulnerability factor of recurrent depression. Here we examine the potential mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) to reduce this bias by assessing self-report and psychophysiological responses previously validated self-compassion exercise in individuals with One group (n= 25) received eight sessions MBCT between two assessments (2.5 – 3 months apart). The second was an untreated control (n = tested at similar intervals.Our results indicate that, when...

Abstract Performance monitoring (PM) is a vital component of adaptive behavior and known to be influenced by motivation. We examined effects potential gain (PG) loss avoidance (LA) on neural correlates PM at different processing stages, using task with trial-based changes in motivational context. Findings suggest more attention allocated the PG context, higher amplitudes for respective stimulus feedback processing. The context favored rapid responses, while LA emphasized accurate responses....