Genetic lesions responsible for amino acid requirements in several species of multiple auxotrophic lactobacilli were investigated. Systematic attempts made to isolate mutants that could grow the absence each acids required by parental strains Lactobacillus plantarum, L. casei, helveticus, and acidophilus. After treatment with appropriate mutagens, such be obtained respect many but not all acids. Successful isolation a given means minor genetic lesion reparable single-step mutations affects...

The effect of changing the human intestinal microflora by administration Oligomate-50, which contains 52 per cent galactooligosaccharides and is produced from lactose action β-D-galactosidase (produced Aspergillus oryzae Streptococcus thermophillus ), was investigated. Oligomate-50 (0, 4.8, 9.6 or 19.2 g/d) given orally for 7 d to 12 volunteers in a single-blind cross-over study. Each dose included 0, 2.5, 5.0 10.0 g galactooligosaccharides, respectively. Bifidobacteria were greatly...

The effect of changing the human intestinal microflora by administration Oligomate-50, which contains 52 per cent galactooligosaccharides and is produced from lactose action β-D-galactosidase (produced Aspergillus oryzae Streptococcus thermophillus), was investigated. Oligomate-50 (0,4.8,9.6 or 19.2 g/d) given orally for 7 d to 12 volunteers in a single-blind cross-over study. Each dose included 0, 2.5, 5.0 10.0 g galactooligosaccharides, respectively. Bifidobacteria were greatly increased...

The purpose of this study was to characterize blood-brain barrier (BBB) transport oxycodone, a cationic opioid agonist, via the pyrilamine transporter, putative organic cation using conditionally immortalized rat brain capillary endothelial cells (TR-BBB13). Oxycodone and [³H]pyrilamine were both transported into TR-BBB13 in temperature- concentration-dependent manner with <i>K</i>_m values 89 28 μM, respectively. initial uptake oxycodone significantly enhanced by...

The amylase-producing ability of the intestinal microflora in cultured specimens ayu, carp, channel catfish, Japanese eel and tilapia was determined. Mean viable counts aerobes anaerobes ranged from 1.1 x 10(6) to 3.7 10(8) cfu g-1 1.3 10(3) 1.6 g-1, respectively. Aeromonas spp. Bacteroidaceae were predominant four five fish species. Of 206 strains examined, 65 (31.6%) produced > or = 0.01 U amylase ml-1. percentage producers differed among families genera bacteria While 56% amylase, only...

Knowledge of the molecular basis and transport function human blood-brain barrier (BBB) is important for not only understanding cerebral physiology, but also development new central nervous system (CNS)-acting drugs. However, few studies have been done using brain capillary endothelial cells, because materials are difficult to obtain. The purpose this study clarify functional expression a proton-coupled organic cation (H+/OC) antiporter in cell line hCMEC/D3, which has recently developed as...

Brain microvascular endothelial cells derived from human induced pluripotent stem (hiPS-BMECs) have been proposed as a new blood-brain barrier model, but their transport function has not fully clarified. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the gene expression and of transporters hiPS-BMECs by means quantitative reverse transcription-PCR, vitro transcellular studies, uptake experiments. mRNAs encoding ABC SLC transporters, such BCRP, MCT1, CAT1, GLAST, were highly expressed hiPS-BMECs....

The purpose of this study was to construct and validate an in vitro three-dimensional blood-brain barrier (3DBBB) model system equipped with brain microvascular endothelial cells derived from human induced pluripotent stem (hiPS-BMECs).The 3D-BBB constructed by seeding hiPS-BMECs onto the capillary lane a MIMETAS OrganoPlate® 3-lane coated fibronectin/collagen IV. were incubated under continuous switchback flow OrganoFlow® for 2 days. 3D structure expression tight-junction proteins...

Vibrio sp. strain NM 10 with an inhibitory activity against Pasteurella piscicida K-III was isolated from the intestine of a spotnape ponyfish (Leiognathus nuchalis). This bacterium efficiently produced antibacterial substance after growth at 20 degrees C for 24 h on 1/5 PYBG agar prepared 50% seawater pHs 7.5 to 9.0. The heat labile and proteinaceous, molecular mass less than 5 kDa, possibly bacteriocin or bacteriocin-like substance.

Aeromonas isolates were obtained from fish intestines, water, and sediments an urban river identified by the DNA-DNA microplate hybridization method. The veronii (22%), caviae (18%), hydrophila (13%), sobria (8%), jandaei (7%), other spp. (33%). species occurred at high densities with incidences, regardless of season. results strongly suggest that aeromonads are indigenous in rivers have potential to be predominant aquatic environments.

This study was performed to evaluate quantitatively the brain distribution and efflux transport across blood-brain barrier of probenecid, using in vivo microdialysis situ perfusion techniques. The interstitial fluid (ISF)-to-plasma cerebrospinal (CSF)-to-plasma tissue-to-plasma unbound concentration ratios probenecid at steady state were less than unity, which suggests restricted brain. An uphill gradient from ISF plasma a downhill CSF observed. Kinetic analysis revealed that clearance...

Survival of bacterial fish pathogens, including Enterococcus seriolicida, Vibrio anguillarum, and Pasteurella piscicida, in ozonated seawater was determined a batch system. Bacterial counts all pathogens decreased at more than 0.040 to 0.060 mg total residual oxidants (TROs) per liter, whereas no decrease viable observed less 0.018 0.028 TROs liter. The 99% inactivation point achieved concentrations 0.111 mg/liter for E. 0.063 P. 0.064 V. anguillarum within 1 min. Moreover, the mean 99 99.9%...

In order to confirm the efficacy of dexamethasone (DXM) incorporated into liposomes (DXM-liposomes) on atherosclerosis, drug delivery atherosclerotic lesions and antiatherosclerotic effect by DXM-liposomes were investigated in atherogenic mice. prepared with egg yolk phosphatidylcholine, cholesterol dicetylphosphate a lipid molar ratio 7/2/1 hydration method then adjusted three different particle sizes clarify influence size atherosclerosis. The 519 nm (L500), 202 (L200) 68.6 (L70),...