The short chain fatty acids, acetate, propionate, and butyrate are produced by colonic bacterial fermentation of non-starch polysaccharides. Butyrate is the major fuel source for epithelium there evidence to suggest that its oxidation impaired in ulcerative colitis. Triplicate biopsy specimens were taken at colonoscopy from five regions large bowel 15 sufferers These patients all had mild or quiescent colitis as assessed clinical condition, mucosal endoscopic histological appearance. rate...

Exercise has been suggested to ameliorate the detrimental effects of chemotherapy on skeletal muscle. The aim this study was compare different exercise regimens with usual care muscle morphology and mitochondrial markers in patients being treated for breast cancer. Specifically, we compared moderate-intensity aerobic training combined high-intensity interval (AT-HIIT) resistance (RT-HIIT) (UC). Resting biopsies were obtained pre- postintervention from 23 randomly selected women OptiTrain...

Fibrosis occurs secondary to many skeletal muscle diseases and injuries, can alter function. It is unknown how collagen, the most abundant extracellular structural protein, alters its organization during fibrosis. Quantitative qualitative high-magnification electron microscopy shows that collagen organized into perimysial cables which increase in number a model of fibrosis, have unique interactions with collagen-producing cells. Fibrotic muscles are stiffer higher concentration These results...

To better understand the health benefits of lifelong exercise in humans, we conduct global skeletal muscle transcriptomic analyses long-term endurance- (9 men, 9 women) and strength-trained (7 men) humans compared with age-matched untrained controls 8 women). Transcriptomic analysis, Gene Ontology, genome-scale metabolic modeling demonstrate changes pathways related to prevention diseases, particularly endurance training. Our data also show prominent sex differences between that these are...

Abstract We characterized the architecture, fiber type, titin isoform distribution, and collagen content of 27 portions 22 muscles in murine forelimb. The mouse forelimb was different from human arm that it had extensor digitorum lateralis muscle no brachioradialis muscle. Architecturally, differed humans with regard to load bearing, having a much larger contribution extensors than flexors. In mice, : flexor PCSA ratio is 2.7, whereas only 1.4. When architectural difference index calculated,...

Tissue extracellular matrix (ECM) provides structural support and creates unique environments for resident cells (Bateman JF, Boot-Handford RP, Lamandé SR.

Proper localization and anchorage of nuclei within skeletal muscle is critical for cellular function. Alterations in nuclear anchoring proteins modify a number functions including mechanotransduction, localization, chromatin positioning/compaction overall organ In muscle, nesprin 1 desmin are thought to link the nucleus cytoskeletal network. Thus, we hypothesize that both these factors play key role To examine this question, utilized global ablation murine models 1, or desmin. Herein, have...

Long-term high-level exercise training leads to improvements in physical performance and multi-tissue adaptation following changes molecular pathways. While skeletal muscle baseline differences between exercise-trained untrained individuals have been previously investigated, it remains unclear how history influences human multi-omics responses acute exercise. We recruited extensively characterized 24 categorized as endurance athletes with >15 years of history, strength or control subjects....

The aim of this study was to compare 5-year survival rates in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients who underwent potentially curative surgery before and after the introduction 2-week wait (2WW) referral system.Data were collected retrospectively from a prospectively maintained database for CRC 1999 (pre-2WW group, n = 150) 2002 (post-2WW 126). Patients presented as an emergency, those died within 30 days with incurable excluded. We used Kaplan-Meier method plot curves log rank test between two...

Abstract The rate of oxidation butyrate, glutamine and glucose was investigated in terminal ileal mucosal biopsy samples from nine patients with ulcerative colitis undergoing restorative proctocolectomy 12 laparotomy for reasons other than colitis. Substrate assayed using a radiolabelled isotope technique. Butyrate the preferred fuel substrate, followed by then (median (95 per cent confidence interval) 567 (262–894), 63 (35–123) 81 (5·1–18) pmol μg−1 h−1 respectively; P <0·01,...

This study investigated the assessment literacy required for K–12 educators to interpret score reports from a English language proficiency assessment. The in concern is ACCESS ELLs, which an annual summative that delivered nearly 2 million learners (ELs) across 39 US states and territories. was conducted two phases. In Phase 1, online teacher survey, consisting of 15 items, completed by 1437 participants; data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. 2, 18 interviewed obtain in-depth...

Abstract This lessons learned paper describes a case study of the Spring 2020 semester when our university pivoted to Emergency Remote Teaching (ERT) and how department faculty not only survived, but thrived, during global pandemic. As crisis unfolded going completely remote was considered, responded swiftly anticipate mitigate logistical, pedagogical, psychosocial issues that ERT pandemic brought both for students faculty. In this paper, we describe actions small engineering took weather...

NHS England deems 90-day readmission rates as a marker of quality care. The causes have not been previously reported in the UK. aim this study was to examine factors associated with following colorectal cancer surgery at hospital trust catchment population 1.2 million.A retrospective review performed all patients undergoing resection for between January 2012 and December 2013. Unplanned defined an emergency admission any cause within 90 days surgery. Readmission analyses were restricted...

Exercise training has tremendous systemic tissue-specific health benefits, but the molecular adaptations to long-term exercise are not completely understood. We investigated skeletal muscle proteome of highly endurance-trained, strength-trained, and untrained individuals performed exercise- sex-specific analyses. Of 6,000+ proteins identified, >650 were differentially expressed in endurance-trained compared with controls. Strikingly, 92% shared higher expression both male female endurance...