A5045665412- Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
- Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Retinal Development and Disorders
- Receptor Mechanisms and Signaling
- Pluripotent Stem Cells Research
- Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Neuropeptides and Animal Physiology
- Genetics, Aging, and Longevity in Model Organisms
- Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
- Developmental Biology and Gene Regulation
- Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Axon Guidance and Neuronal Signaling
- Pain Mechanisms and Treatments
- Photoreceptor and optogenetics research
- Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Study
- Nerve injury and regeneration
- Epigenetics and DNA Methylation
- Mesenchymal stem cell research
- Pancreatic function and diabetes
- Olfactory and Sensory Function Studies
- Photochromic and Fluorescence Chemistry
- Corneal Surgery and Treatments
- Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Neurological disorders and treatments
University of Toronto
2016-2025
Occupational Cancer Research Centre
2012-2024
Canada Research Chairs
2004-2021
University of New Brunswick
2004-2021
TD Bank Group
2012
University of California, Davis
2012
University of Minnesota
2012
Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute
2002-2006
Mount Sinai Hospital
1991-2006
Medical Genetics Center
2006
The mature mammalian retina is thought to lack regenerative capacity. Here, we report the identification of a stem cell in adult mouse eye, which represents possible substrate for retinal regeneration. Single pigmented ciliary margin cells clonally proliferate vitro form sphere colonies that can differentiate into retinal-specific types, including rod photoreceptors, bipolar neurons, and Müller glia. Adult are localized not central peripheral epithelium, indicating these may be homologous...
The lateral ventricle subependyma in the adult mammalian forebrain contains both neural stem and progenitor cells. This study describes situ modulation of these subependymal precursor populations after intraventricular administration exogenous growth factors. In vivo infusion epidermal factor (EGF) into mouse for 6 consecutive days resulted a dramatic increase proliferation total number cells induced their migration away from walls adjacent parenchyma. Immediately EGF infusion,...
Direct projections from the forebrain to nucleus of solitary tract (NTS) and dorsal motor vagus in rat medulla were mapped detail using both retrograde axonal transport fluorescent tracer True Blue anterograde wheat germ agglutinin conjugated horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP). In tracing studies, cell groups medial prefrontal cortex, lateral cortex (primarily ventral posterior agranular insular cortex), bed stria terminalis, central amygdala, paraventricular, arcuate, posterolateral areas...
Neural stem cells, which exhibit self-renewal and multipotentiality, are generated in early embryonic brains maintained throughout the lifespan. The mechanisms of their generation maintenance largely unknown. Here, we show that neural cells independent RBP-J κ, a key molecule Notch signaling, by using κ −/− an cell-derived neurosphere assay. However, pathway molecules essential for cells; they depleted or Notch1 mice. also deficient presenilin1 ( PS1 ) gene, regulator reduced +/− adult...
The adult derivatives of the embryonic forebrain germinal zones consist two morphologically distinct cell layers surrounding lateral ventricles: ependyma and subependyma. Cell cycle analyses have revealed that at least proliferating populations exist in this region, one is constitutively relatively quiescent thought to include endogenous neural stem cells. Earlier studies demonstrated specific dissection region ventricles was necessary for vitro isolation multipotent, self-renewing However,...
Neurogenesis persists in two adult brain regions: the ventricular subependyma and subgranular cell layer hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG). Previous work many laboratories has shown explicitly that multipotential, self-renewing stem cells are source of newly generated migrating neurons traverse rostral migratory stream incorporate into olfactory bulb as interneurons. These have been specifically isolated from subependyma, their properties self-renewal multipotentiality demonstrated vitro. In...
The adult mammalian forebrain subependyma contains neural stem cells and their progeny, the constitutively proliferating progenitor cells. Using bromodeoxyuridine labeling to detect mitotically active cells, we demonstrate that endogenous expression of transforming growth factor-alpha (TGFalpha) is necessary for full proliferation localized dorsolateral corner production neuronal progenitors migrate olfactory bulbs. Proliferation these also diminished with age (in 23- 25-months-old compared...
Adult stem cells in various tissues are relatively quiescent. The cell cycle inhibitor p21 cip1/waf1 (p21) has been shown to be important for maintaining hematopoietic quiescence and self-renewal. We examined the role of regulation adult mammalian forebrain neural (NSCs). found that -/- mice between post-natal age 60-240 d have more NSCs than wild-type (+/+) controls due higher proliferation rates NSCs. Thereafter, decline reduced number at 16 mo relative +/+ mice. Similarly, both display...
This study identifies and characterizes retinal stem cells (RSCs) in early postnatal to seventh-decade human eyes. Different subregions of eyes were dissociated cultured by using a clonal sphere-forming assay. The derived only from the pars plicata plana ciliary margin, at frequency approximately 1:500. To test for long-term self-renewal, both sphere assay monolayer passaging used. By single assay, primary spheres replated, individual demonstrated 100% with giving rise one or more new each...
The early development of the mammalian forebrain involves massive proliferation ventricular zone cells lining lateral ventricles. A remnant this highly proliferative region persists into adult life, where it is known as subependymal layer. We examined kinetics and fates mitotically active in subependyma mouse. medial edge, dorsolateral corner layer rostral portion ventricle each contained cells, but had highest percentage bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)-labeled per unit area. Repeated injections...
In contrast to existing estimates of approximately 200 murine imprinted genes, recent work based on transcriptome sequencing uncovered parent-of-origin allelic effects at more than 1,300 loci in the developing brain and two adult regions, including hundreds present only males or females. Our independent replication embryonic stage, where majority novel genes were discovered previously known confirmed, resulted 12.9% concordance among loci. Further analysis pyrosequencing-based validation...
The utility of stem cells and their progeny in adult transplantation models has been limited by poor survival integration. We designed an injectable bioresorbable hydrogel blend hyaluronan methylcellulose (HAMC) tested it with two cell types animal models, thereby gaining understanding its general applicability for enhanced distribution, survival, integration, functional repair relative to conventional delivery saline. HAMC improves integration retinal (RSC)-derived rods the retina....
The pathological features associated with post-herpetic neuralgia require further study. We report here 5 cases, 3 severe (PHN) and 2 no persistent pain. findings of dorsal horn atrophy cell, axon myelin loss fibrosis in the sensory ganglion were found only patients Marked axons nerve and/or root cases without Some evidence is presented for a more generalized subacute or chronic inflammatory process which may explain clinical some patients. Further studies will be necessary to fully describe...