A5035372524- Gut microbiota and health
- Microscopic Colitis
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease
- Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research
- IL-33, ST2, and ILC Pathways
- Pediatric health and respiratory diseases
- Asthma and respiratory diseases
- Inhalation and Respiratory Drug Delivery
- Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
- Clostridium difficile and Clostridium perfringens research
- Liver Diseases and Immunity
- Tryptophan and brain disorders
- Diet and metabolism studies
- Infant Health and Development
- Respiratory Support and Mechanisms
- Probiotics and Fermented Foods
- Respiratory viral infections research
- Dermatology and Skin Diseases
- Inflammasome and immune disorders
- Thermal Regulation in Medicine
- Protist diversity and phylogeny
- Helicobacter pylori-related gastroenterology studies
- Cancer Research and Treatments
- Eosinophilic Esophagitis
- Amoebic Infections and Treatments
Roche (United States)
2023
University of California, San Francisco
2014-2018
Gut microbiota dysbiosis and metabolic dysfunction in infancy precedes childhood atopy asthma development. Here we examined gut maturation over the first year of life infants at high risk for (HR), whether it is modifiable by early-life Lactobacillus supplementation. We performed a longitudinal comparison stool samples collected from HR randomized to daily oral rhamnosus GG (HRLGG) or placebo (HRP) 6 months, healthy (HC) infants. Meconium HRP participants distinct, follows delayed...
Significant gut microbiota heterogeneity exists among ulcerative colitis (UC) patients, though the clinical implications of this variance are unknown. We hypothesized that ethnically distinct UC patients exhibit discrete microbiotas with unique metabolic programming differentially influence immune activity and status. Using parallel 16S rRNA internal transcribed spacer 2 sequencing fecal samples (UC, 30; healthy, 13), we corroborated previous observations UC-associated bacterial diversity...
IL-22 is induced by aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) signaling and plays a critical role in gastrointestinal barrier function through effects on antimicrobial protein production, mucus secretion, epithelial cell differentiation proliferation, giving it the potential to modulate microbiome these direct indirect effects. Furthermore, can turn influence production synthesis of L-tryptophan (L-Trp)-derived AhR ligands, creating prospect host-microbiome feedback loop. We evaluated impact may have...
Inflammatory bowel diseases encompass gastrointestinal illnesses typified by chronic inflammation, loss of epithelial integrity and microbiota dysbiosis. In an effort to counteract these characteristic perturbations, we used stem cells and/or a probiotic therapy in murine model Dextran Sodium Sulfate induced colitis examine both their efficacy ameliorating disease impact on niche-specific microbial communities the lower GI tract. Colitis was C57BL/6 mice administering 3% DSS drinking water...
Background The interleukin-22 cytokine (IL-22) has demonstrated efficacy in preclinical colitis models with non-immunosuppressive mechanism of action. Efmarodocokin alfa (UTTR1147A) is a fusion protein agonist that links IL-22 to the crystallisable fragment (Fc) human IgG 4 for improved pharmacokinetic characteristics, but mutation minimise Fc effector functions. Methods This randomised, phase 1b study evaluated safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics repeat intravenous...
This study aimed to identify microbial drivers of inflammatory bowel disease [IBD], by investigating mucosal-associated bacteria and their detrimental products in IBD patients. We directly cultured bacterial communities from mucosal biopsies paediatric gastrointestinal patients examined for pathogenicity-associated traits. Upon identifying Clostridium perfringens as toxigenic present biopsies, we isolated strains further characterized toxicity prevalence. Mucosal biopsy composition differed...
The effects of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) on healthy airways are poorly defined.
We have examined the nature of requirement for RNA synthesis during differentiation Naegleria gruberi amebae into flagellates (Fulton, C., and C. Walsh, 1980, J. Cell Biol., 85:346-360) by looking poly(A)+RNAs that are specific to differentiating cells. A cDNA library prepared from poly(A)+RNA extracted cells 40 min after initiation (40-min RNA), time when formation flagella becomes insensitive inhibitors synthesis, was cloned pBR322. Recombinant clones were screened sequences complementary...
<b>Background:</b> COPD airway microbiota is heterogeneous with distinct features associated inflammatory phenotype. Astegolimab, a selective ST2 IgG2 monoclonal antibody targeting the IL33- axis, implicated in infection driven exacerbations. We sought to explore relationship of microbiome clinical response anti-ST2. <b>Methods:</b> Moderate-to-very severe patients recruited for single-centre, double-blinded trial were randomly assigned (1:1) receive astegolimab 490mg or placebo every 4...
COPD exacerbations are heterogeneous and can be triggered by bacterial, viral, or noninfectious insults. Exacerbations also in neutrophilic eosinophilic inflammatory responses. A noninvasive peripheral biomarker of characterised bacterial/neutrophilic inflammation is lacking. Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) a key cytokine elevated during bacterial infection mediates survival, proliferation, differentiation function neutrophils.We hypothesised that high G-CSF would indicative...
Purpose: The increase in the incidence of IBD South Asian patients over past 2 decades has been attributed to both genetic and environmental factors. A comprehensive evaluation hygiene dietary changes among Indian diaspora U.S. never conducted. Methods: In this pilot study, we administered a questionnaire first generation immigrants with Northern California. questions were extensive involved diet, stress, lifestyle after immigration from India U.S.A. Results: Twenty are enrolled date. 12...
ABSTRACT Rationale The effects of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) on healthy airways are poorly defined. Objectives To delineate the ICS gene expression in airways, without confounding caused by changes disease-related genes and alterations ICS-responsiveness. Methods Randomised open-label bronchoscopy study high dose therapy 30 adult volunteers randomised 2:1 to i) fluticasone propionate 500 mcg bd or ii) no treatment, for 4 weeks. Laboratory staff were blinded allocation. Biopsies brushings...
<b>Rationale:</b> COPD exacerbations are heterogenous, where eosinophilic patients with dysbiosis appeared to have more severe exacerbation. Periostin (PERI) has been shown be involved in eosinophils (EOS) recruitment and tissue repair. We hypothesized that inflammation at stable disease will influence exacerbation severity, serum PERI blood EOS could used identify a subgroup of increased severity. <b>Methods:</b> BEAT:COPD was an observational 12-month study. Serum from 203 were measured on...
<b>Introduction:</b> COPD exacerbations are heterogeneous and often triggered by bacterial or viral infection type-2 inflammation. A non-invasive peripheral biomarker that can be routinely measured to characterize a bacterial/neutrophilic exacerbation is lacking. airways characterized granulocytic G-CSF one of the key cytokines elevated during mediates survival, proliferation, differentiation, function neutrophil precursors mature neutrophils. <b>Objective:</b> We hypothesized would...