A5101648650- Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research
- Pulmonary Hypertension Research and Treatments
- Interstitial Lung Diseases and Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
- Asthma and respiratory diseases
- Protease and Inhibitor Mechanisms
- Respiratory Support and Mechanisms
- Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Lung Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment
- Peptidase Inhibition and Analysis
- Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
- Inhalation and Respiratory Drug Delivery
- Pleural and Pulmonary Diseases
- Cardiac Fibrosis and Remodeling
- Sports Performance and Training
- Medical Imaging Techniques and Applications
- Blood Coagulation and Thrombosis Mechanisms
- Pediatric health and respiratory diseases
- Atomic and Subatomic Physics Research
- Cystic Fibrosis Research Advances
- Delphi Technique in Research
- Neonatal Respiratory Health Research
- Tracheal and airway disorders
- Otolaryngology and Infectious Diseases
- Neurogenetic and Muscular Disorders Research
- Cardiovascular Effects of Exercise
University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust
2014-2025
University Hospital Coventry
2008-2023
University of Zurich
2023
Hackensack Meridian Health
2022
Coventry (United Kingdom)
2007-2020
University of the Sunshine Coast
2017
University of Warwick
2017
Cheshire and Wirral Partnership NHS Foundation Trust
2015
Coventry and Warwickshire Partnership NHS Trust
2010
Gentofte Hospital
2009
Assessment of emphysema-modifying therapy is difficult, but newer outcome measures offer advantages over traditional methods. The EXAcerbations and Computed Tomography scan as Lung End-points (EXACTLE) trial explored the use computed tomography (CT) densitometry exacerbations for assessment therapeutic effect augmentation in subjects with alpha(1)-antitrypsin (alpha(1)-AT) deficiency. In total, 77 (protease inhibitor type Z) were randomised to weekly infusions 60 mg x kg(-1) human...
Rationale: α1-Antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency is associated with increased risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), in particular emphysema, but airway less well described.Objectives: To assess the prevalence airways subjects AAT and to identify relationship between radiological abnormalities clinical phenotype.Methods: We characterized computed tomographic phenotype 74 (PiZ), using visual scoring densitometric assessment emphysema. Computed measurements were related physiology,...
FEV(1) is fundamental to the diagnosis and staging of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In emphysema, airflow obstruction usually coexists with impairment gas exchange, but discordance not infrequent. We hypothesized that variations in distribution emphysema would be associated functional differences therefore account for discordant physiology. used quantitative computed tomography assess severity 119 subjects alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency (PiZ phenotype) grouped them according pattern....
Two randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials have investigated the efficacy of IV alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) augmentation therapy on emphysema progression using CT densitometry. Data from these similar trials, a 2-center Danish-Dutch study (n = 54) and 3-center EXAcerbations scan as Lung Endpoints (EXACTLE) 65), were pooled to increase statistical power. The change in 15th percentile lung density (PD15) measured by was obtained both trials. All subjects had 1 at baseline least...
Asthma heterogeneity is multidimensional and requires additional tools to unravel its complexity. Computed tomography (CT)-assessed proximal airway remodeling air trapping in asthmatic patients might provide new insights into underlying disease mechanisms.The aim of this study was explore novel, quantitative, CT-determined asthma phenotypes.Sixty-five 30 healthy subjects underwent detailed clinical, physiologic characterization quantitative CT analysis. Factor cluster analysis techniques...
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with airway inflammation and bacterial dysbiosis. The relationship between the microbiome bronchial gene expression in COPD poorly understood. We aimed to identify differences from brushings patients healthy individuals investigate whether any distinguishing bacteria are related expression.For this 16S rRNA sequencing host transcriptomic analysis, aged 45-75 years mild-to-moderate either receiving or not inhaled corticosteroids same...
<b>Background:</b> Lung densitometry derived from computed tomographic images offers an opportunity to quantify emphysema non-invasively, but a pathological standard cannot be applied validate its use in longitudinal monitoring studies. Consequently, forced expiratory volume 1 second (FEV<sub>1</sub>) remains the against which new methods must judged. We related progression of (15th percentile point and voxel index, threshold −950 Hounsfield units) disease stage FEV<sub>1</sub> decline two...
Computed tomography (CT) lung densitometry has been demonstrated to be the most sensitive and specific outcome measure for assessment of emphysema-modifying therapy, but optimum densitometric index yet determined targeted sampling may more than whole assessment. The EXAcerbations CT scan as Lung Endpoints (EXACTLE) trial aimed clarify approach use data alpha 1-antitrypsin (AAT) augmentation therapy on progression emphysema in AAT deficiency (AATD).Patients with AATD (n = 77) were randomised...
Abstract Background Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is a rare disease that associated with an increased risk of pulmonary emphysema. The European AATD Research Collaboration (EARCO) international registry was founded the objective characterising individuals and investigating their natural history. Methods EARCO international, observational prospective study AATD, defined as AAT serum levels < 11 μM and/or proteinase inhibitor genotypes PI*ZZ, PI*SZ compound heterozygotes or...
The fundamental importance of calibration for any measuring device is indisputable, but computed tomography (CT) in longitudinal lung densitometry studies largely unexplored. Although the validity CT as a measure emphysema has been confirmed cross-sectional studies, there are limited data on long-term reproducibility, and this critically important validating its use an outcome therapeutic trials. A general understanding strengths pitfalls critical physicians reviewing published literature...
Lung densitometry in drug evaluation trials can be confounded by changes inspiration levels between computed tomography (CT) scans, limiting its sensitivity to detect over time. Therefore our aim was explore whether the of lung could improved correcting measurements for volume, based on estimated relation density (as measured with 15th percentile point) and volume. We compared four correction methods, using CT data 143 patients from five European countries. Patients were scanned, generally...
Abstract Background Inflammation is considered to be of primary pathogenic importance in COPD but the evidence on which current understanding based does not distinguish between cause and effect, no single mechanism can account for complex pathology. We performed a prospective longitudinal study subjects with that related markers sputum inflammation at baseline subsequent disease progression. Methods A cohort 56 patients chronic bronchitis was characterized stable state after an interval four...
Computer tomography (CT) densitometry is a potential tool for detecting the progression of emphysema but optimum methodology uncertain. The level inspiration affects reproducibility ability to adjust this variable facilitated by whole lung scanning methods. However, frequently localised sub-regions and targeted densitometric sampling may be more informative than assessment. Emphysema over 2-year interval was assessed in 71 patients (alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency with PiZ phenotype) CT...
Rationale: Neutrophilic inflammation is understood to be of pathogenetic importance in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and may quantified using 18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography–computed tomography (18FDG PET-CT) as a noninvasive, spatially informative biomarker.Objectives: To assess the potential usefulness 18FDG PET-CT surrogate measure neutrophilic patients with usual COPD α1-antitrypsin deficiency (AATD).Methods: imaging was performed 10 COPD, AATD, healthy...
EvA (Emphysema versus Airway disease) is a multicentre project to study mechanisms and identify biomarkers of emphysema airway disease in chronic obstructive pulmonary (COPD). The objective this was delineate objectively imaging-based emphysema-dominant disease-dominant phenotypes using quantitative computed tomography (QCT) indices, standardised with novel phantom-based approach. 441 subjects COPD (Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) stages 1–3) were assessed terms...
Abstract Background Whether the clinical or pathophysiologic significance of “treatable trait” high blood eosinophil count in COPD is same as for asthma remains controversial. We sought to determine relationship between count, characteristics and gene expression from bronchial brushings asthma. Methods Subjects were recruited into a (emphysema versus airway disease [EvA]) cohort (Unbiased BIOmarkers PREDiction respiratory outcomes, U‐BIOPRED). determined using RNAseq EvA (n = 283) Affymetrix...
The objectives of this study were to investigate whether computed tomography (CT) densitometry can be applied consistently in different centers; and evaluate the reproducibility densitometric quantification emphysema by assessment sources variation, ie, intersite, interscan inter- intraobserver variability, comparison with intersubject variability.In 5 hospitals, 119 patients scanned using standardized protocols. In each site, an observer performed a quantitative analysis (including blood...
Background Changes in microbial community composition the lung of patients suffering from moderate to severe COPD have been well documented. However, knowledge about specific microbiome structures human associated with CT defined abnormalities is limited. Methods Bacterial derived brush samples lungs 16 different subtypes and 9 healthy subjects was analyzed using a cultivation independent barcoding approach applying 454-pyrosequencing 16S rRNA gene fragment amplicons. Results We could show...
Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is a genetic condition that leads to an increased risk of emphysema and liver disease. Despite extensive investigation, there remain unanswered questions concerning the natural history, pathophysiology, genetics prognosis lung disease in association with AATD. The European Clinical Research Collaboration (EARCO) designed bring together researchers from countries create standardised database for follow-up patients AATD.The EARCO Registry...