A5019376375- Social Power and Status Dynamics
- Polyomavirus and related diseases
- HIV Research and Treatment
- Social and Intergroup Psychology
- Multiple Sclerosis Research Studies
- Prion Diseases and Protein Misfolding
- Plant Virus Research Studies
- Social and Cultural Dynamics
- HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- Dialysis and Renal Disease Management
- Full-Duplex Wireless Communications
- Infectious Encephalopathies and Encephalitis
- HIV-related health complications and treatments
- Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
- Peripheral Neuropathies and Disorders
- Bacterial Infections and Vaccines
- Cytomegalovirus and herpesvirus research
- Herpesvirus Infections and Treatments
- Contemporary Sociological Theory and Practice
- Neurological and metabolic disorders
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Gender Diversity and Inequality
- Critical Realism in Sociology
- Neurological disorders and treatments
- Neurology and Historical Studies
University of Pennsylvania
2015-2025
California University of Pennsylvania
2025
The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
2014-2024
Versus Arthritis
2023
Southwestern Medical Center
2020-2021
U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center
2020
United States Army
2020
Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
2019
Philadelphia University
2019
Stanford University
1980-2017
This chapter reviews theory and research on status organizing processes. A process is any in which evaluations of beliefs about the characteristics actors become basis observable inequalities face-to-face social interaction. The key concept study processes characteristic, characteristic around them come to be organized. Examples include age, sex, race, ethnicity, education, occupation, physical attractiveness, intelligence quotients, reading ability-but there are many others. In present...
Abstract Any survey of social theory over the last two decades readily reveals that it remains under firm control functionalism. Though there have been significant inroads on part of, e.g., French structuralism, they were never quite accepted by mainstream sociology. Critical Theory has restricted itself to merely nurturing its tradition, and “genuine” Marxism, which during protest movements caused some disturbance with critique “bourgeois science,” can no longer ignore crisis caught in for...
This paper proposes an expectation states theory of the legitimation power and prestige orders in task groups. Valued status positions are a reward for those whose distribution members develop expectations. The more differentiated these expectations, likely that order will be treated as legitimate. Applying our formulation to various types group structures we derive set theoretical assertions relate initial composition likelihood its becomes legitimatized. These predict, among other things,...
Early reports of pediatric HIV-1-associated neuropathology described the presence viral particles in some astrocytes, implicating direct infection immature nervous system as a contributing factor to observed neuropathology. Several recent suggest that those astrocytes infected with HIV-1, level antigenic expression proviral genome is below sensitivity limits conventional histochemical techniques. Identification these would instead require use highly sensitive radiolabeled DNA or RNA probe...
The authors investigated the spectrum of radiologic findings in a large series (n = 47) patients seropositive to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) 1 and with pathologically proved progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, determine characteristic imaging pattern disease. Thirty-six computed tomographic (CT) scans 29 magnetic resonance (MR) studies obtained 47 were retrospectively reviewed correlated pathologic clinical findings. Contrast agents used 32 CT procedures 13 MR studies. Lesions...
A consensus conference on frailty in kidney, liver, heart, and lung transplantation sponsored by the American Society of Transplantation (AST) endorsed Nephrology (ASN), Transplant Surgeons (ASTS), Canadian (CST) took place February 11, 2018 Phoenix, Arizona. Input from transplant community through scheduled calls enabled wide discussion current concepts frailty, exploration best practices for risk assessment candidates management after transplant, development ideas future research....
Building on the work of Cecilia L. Ridgeway and J. Berger, authors construct a set assumptions that describe how legitimation delegitimation informal power prestige orders can be created in task oriented situations. Their conception is multilevel one. Cultural beliefs begin process by shaping likelihood one actor treats another with honorific deference. But to result legitimacy, this must carried through contingent reactions others who provide consensual validation. In way, actors...
This article presents a theoretical formulation that integrates, within the framework of expectation states theory, theories emergence power-and-prestige orders in status-heterogeneous and homogeneous task-oriented groups. A model based on this is construted used for predicting participation rates open interaction settings. The explores fit moel to data from both status-homogeneous
People working together on a task attend to one another's ascribed and achieved status attributes other characteristics that differentiate them. On the basis of these characteristics, people form performance expectations for themselves each regarding at hand. When evaluated states are consistent, broad outlines this process straightforward; when inconsistent, principle by which resolve inconsistency is issue. We report laboratory experiment designed distinguish among four alternative...
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a severe demyelinating disease of the brain caused by JC virus (JCV). To assess role CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cells against JCV in clinical outcome PML setting immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS), we tested gamma interferon (IFN-γ) response enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot (ELISpot) intracellular cytokine staining (ICS) 117 subjects, including 66 patients with different outcomes. Both assays were concordant demonstrated that...
Given the potential utility of frailty, a clinical phenotype decreased physiologic reserve and resistance to stressors, predict postkidney transplant (KT) outcomes, we sought understand perceptions practices regarding frailty measurement in US KT programs.
Objective: To evaluate oxandrolone, an oral anabolic steroid with potent activity and minimal androgenic effects, for the treatment of AIDS-associated myopathy wasting. Methods: In a multicenter, double-blind study, 63 HIV-seropositive men > 10% loss body weight were randomized to receive either placebo, 5 mg/day or 15 oxandrolone 16 weeks. Body weight, neuromuscular evaluation, measures well-being repeatedly assessed. Results: Patients who received showed gain throughout 16-week period....
The authors present a formal theory of the social construction diffuse status characteristics. is formulated within framework earlier work on by Ridgeway and others uses mathematical characteristics expectation states. This describes how an initially nonvalued characteristic can acquire value generalized states from its association with already established valued elements. derive eight theorems their that describe different conditions under which acquires such value. They consider...
Beliefs about diverse status characteristics have a common core content of performance capacities and qualities made up two features: hierarchy (superior/inferior capacities) role-differentiation (instrumental/expressive qualities). Whatever the characteristic, its more-valued state tends to be defined as superior instrumental, less-valued inferior but expressive. We account for this in terms typification differences behavioral inequalities profiles that emerge task oriented social...
The autopsy records of adult patients dying with AIDS between 1983 and 1987 at a large, metropolitan, university-affiliated hospital were reviewed to determine the incidence spectrum cerebrovascular associated cardiovascular disease. clinical those disease retrospectively examined in detail. All autopsied ages 20 50 years without 1986 served as control group. At autopsy, 13 (8%) 154 had evidence recent In comparison, 25 (23%) 111 (P < 0.04). diseases was similar both AIDS; however, cerebral...
We describe seven men with a neurologic disease clinically indistinguishable from multiple sclerosis occurring in association seropositivity for the human immunodeficiency virus, type 1 (HIV-1). Histopathology of CNS obtained three patients (2 by brain biopsy, at autopsy) was consistent MS. The symptoms preceded onset evident immunosuppression all patients. In men, HIV-1 demonstrated concomitantly or within 3 months their disease. others, features MS demonstration 41 months, 59 11 years, and...