We present in this paper an efficient, flexible, and effective data structure, B*-trees for non-slicing floorplans. are based on ordered binary trees the admissible placement presented [1]. Inheriting from nice properties of trees, very easy implementation can perform respective primitive tree, operations search, insertion, deletion only O(1), O(n) times while existing representations floorplans need at least time each these operations, where n is number modules. The correspondence between...

In addition to wirelength, modern placers need consider various constraints such as preplaced blocks and density. We propose a high-quality analytical placement algorithm considering blocks, density based on the log-sum-exp wirelength model proposed by Naylor multilevel framework. To handle we use two-stage smoothing technique, i.e., Gaussian followed level smoothing, facilitate block spreading during global (GP). The is controlled white-space reallocation using partitioning cut-line...

In this paper, we propose a transitive closure graph-based representation for general floorplans, called TCG, and show its superior properties. TCG combines the advantages of popular representations such as sequence pair, BSG, B*-tree. Like pair but unlike O-tree, B*-tree, CBL, is P-admissible. does not need to construct additional constraint graphs cost evaluation during packing, implying faster runtime. Further, supports incremental update operations keeps information boundary modules well...

Abstract As a type of immunogenic cell death, ferroptosis participates in the creation immunoactive tumor microenvironments. However, knowledge spatial location cells with signature environments and role ferroptotic stress inducing expression immune‐related molecules cancer is limited. Here association transcriptomic signatures demonstrated for inflammation/immune activation located invasive front head neck squamous carcinoma (HNSCC). The between more prominent HPV‐negative HNSCC compared to...

A switch module M with W terminals on each side is said to be universal if every set of nets satisfying the dimensional constraint (i.e., number at most ) simultaneously rout able through . In this article, we present a class modules. Each our modules has 6 switches and switch-module flexibility three (i.e, F s =3). We prove that no less than can universal. also compare those used in Xilinx XC4000 family FPGAs antisymmetric (with S =3) suggested by Rose Brown [1991]. Although these two kinds...

Unlike classical floorplanning that usually handles only block packing to minimize silicon area, modern very large scale integration (VLSI) typically needs pack blocks within a fixed die (outline), and additionally considers the with positions interconnect constraints. Floorplanning bus planning is one of most challenging problems because it consider constraints simultaneously. In this paper, authors study two types problems: 1) fixed-outline 2) bus-driven (BDF). This floorplanner uses B/sup...

Due to recent advances in microfluidics, digital microfluidic biochips are expected revolutionize laboratory procedures. One critical problem for biochip synthesis is the droplet routing problem. Unlike traditional very large scale integration problems, addition path selection, needs address issue of scheduling droplets under practical constraints imposed by fluidic property and timing restriction results. In this paper, we present first network-flow-based algorithm that can concurrently...

Droplet-based microfluidic biochips have recently gained much attention and are expected to revolutionize the biological laboratory procedures. As adopted for complex procedures in molecular biology, its complexity is increase due need of multiple concurrent assays on a chip. In this article, we formulate placement problem digital with tree-based topological representation, called T-tree . To best knowledge authors, first work that adopts representation solve biochips. We also consider...

Through-silicon vias (TSVs) are required for transmitting signals among different dies the three-dimensional integrated circuit (3D IC) technology. The significant silicon areas occupied by TSVs bring critical challenges 3D IC placement. Unlike most published placement works that only minimize number of during due to limitations in their techniques, this paper proposes a new cell algorithm which can additionally consider sizes and physical positions TSV insertion consists three stages: (1)...

To reduce the effect of parasitic mismatches and circuit sensitivity to thermal gradients or process variations for analog circuits, some pairs modules need be placed symmetrically with respect a common axis, symmetric are preferred at closest proximity better electrical properties. Most previous works handle problem symmetry constraints by imposing symmetric-feasible conditions in floorplan representations using cost functions minimize distance between modules. Such approaches inefficient...

Through-silicon vias (TSVs) are required for transmitting signals among different dies the 3-D integrated circuit (IC) technology. The significant silicon areas occupied by TSVs bring critical challenges IC placement. Unlike most published placement works that only minimize number of during due to limitations in their techniques, this paper proposes a new cell algorithm can additionally consider sizes and physical positions TSV insertion consists three stages: 1) analytical global with...

Podoplanin (PDPN) enhances tumor metastases by eliciting cell-induced platelet aggregation (TCIPA) through activation of C-type lectin-like receptor 2 (CLEC-2). A novel and non-cytotoxic 5-nitrobenzoate compound 2CP was synthesized that specifically inhibited the PDPN/CLEC-2 interaction TCIPA with no effect on stimulated other agonists. possessed anti-cancer metastatic activity in vivo augmented therapeutic efficacy cisplatin experimental animal model without causing a bleeding risk....

Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) presents a serious therapeutic and infection control challenge. In this study, we investigated the epidemiological molecular differences of CRAB threatening factors for contributing to increased infections at hospital in western China. A total 110 clinical isolates A. baumannii, collected recent 2-year period, were tested carbapenem antibiotic susceptibility, followed by analysis carbapenemase genes. Genetic relatedness was characterized...

A wirelength-driven placer without considering routability could introduce irresolvable routing-congested placements. Therefore, it is desirable to develop an effective routability-driven for modern mixed-size designs employing hierarchical methodologies faster turnaround time. In this paper, we propose a novel analytical placement algorithm circuit designs. This paper presents design hierarchy identification technique effectively identify hierarchies and guide better wirelength routability....

CD133, also known as prominin-1, was first described a cell surface marker on early progenitor and hematopoietic stem cells. It is five-domain transmembrane protein composed of an N-terminal extracellular tail, two small cytoplasmic loops, large loops containing seven potential glycosylation sites, short C-terminal intracellular tail. CD133 has been used to identify cancer cells derived from primary solid tumors prognostic gliomas. Herein, we developed novel anti-CD133 monoclonal antibodies...

Due to recent advances in microfluidics technology, digital microfluidic biochips and their associated CAD problems have gained much attention, most of which has been devoted direct-addressing biochips. In this paper, we solve the droplet routing problem under more scalable cross-referencing biochip paradigm, uses row/column addressing scheme activate electrodes. We propose first algorithm that directly solves The main challenge type is electrode interference prevents simultaneous movement...

The flip-chip package gives the highest chip density of any packaging method to support pad-limited application-specific integrated circuit designs. In this paper, we propose first router for in literature. can redistribute nets from wire-bonding pads bump and then route each them. adopts a two-stage technique global routing followed by detailed routing. routing, use network flow algorithm solve assignment problem create path net. consists three stages, namely: 1) cross-point assignment; 2)...

While double patterning lithography (DPL) has been widely recognized as one of the most promising solutions for sub-22nm technology node to enhance pattern printability, triple (TPL) will be required gate, contact, and metal-1 layers which are too complex dense split into only two masks, 15nm beyond. Nevertheless, there is very little research focusing on layout decomposition TPL. The recent work [16] proposed first systematic study However, algorithm extending a stitch-finding method used...

Podoplanin (PDPN) is expressed in several normal tissues, such as lymphatic endothelial cells, podocytes of renal glomerulus, and type I alveolar cells lung. PDPN activates platelet aggregation by binding to C-type lectin-like receptor-2 (CLEC-2) on platelet. Although monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against human PDPN, mouse rat rabbit dog bovine have been established, anticat (cPDPN) mAbs not developed. In this study, we immunized mice with Chinese hamster ovary (CHO)-K1 cell lines expressing...

Active efflux is regarded as a common mechanism for antibiotic and biocide resistance. However, the role of many drug pumps in resistance Acinetobacter baumannii remains unknown. Using biocide-resistant A. clinical isolates, we investigated incidence 11 known/putative antimicrobial pump genes (adeB, adeG, adeJ, adeT1, adeT2, amvA, abeD, abeM, qacE, qacEΔ1, aceI) triclosan target gene fabI through PCR DNA sequencing. Reverse transcriptase quantitative was conducted to assess correlation...

Layout-dependent effects (LDEs) have become a critical issue in modern analog and mixed-signal circuit designs. The three major sources of LDEs, well proximity, length oxide diffusion, oxide-to-oxide spacing, significantly affect the threshold voltage mobility devices advanced technology nodes. In this paper, we propose first work to consider LDEs during placement. We transform LDE models into nonlinear analytical placement models. Then an LDE-aware algorithm is presented mitigate influence...