A5073767607- Ruminant Nutrition and Digestive Physiology
- Salmonella and Campylobacter epidemiology
- Escherichia coli research studies
- Streptococcal Infections and Treatments
- Otolaryngology and Infectious Diseases
- Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
- Clostridium difficile and Clostridium perfringens research
- Animal Nutrition and Physiology
- Animal health and immunology
- Listeria monocytogenes in Food Safety
- Genetic and phenotypic traits in livestock
- Amoebic Infections and Treatments
- Reproductive Physiology in Livestock
- Pharmaceutical and Antibiotic Environmental Impacts
- Plant and fungal interactions
- Microbial infections and disease research
- Probiotics and Fermented Foods
- Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria
- Veterinary medicine and infectious diseases
- Gut microbiota and health
- Coccidia and coccidiosis research
- Animal Behavior and Welfare Studies
- Botulinum Toxin and Related Neurological Disorders
- Antibiotics Pharmacokinetics and Efficacy
- Infections and bacterial resistance
Kansas State University
2016-2025
Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station
1988-2018
Pennsylvania State University
2014
Iowa Western Community College
1999
Tufts University
1998
Institute of Animal Sciences
1998
Southwest Minnesota State University
1995
Tuskegee University
1992
Garden City Community College
1991
Murray State University
1987
ABSTRACT High-grain adaptation programs are widely used with feedlot cattle to balance enhanced growth performance against the risk of acidosis. This a high-grain diet from high-forage is known change rumen microbial population structure and help establish stable within rumen. Therefore, evaluate bacterial dynamics during diet, 4 ruminally cannulated beef steers were adapted using step-up regimen containing grain hay at ratios 20:80, 40:60, 60:40, 80:20. The populations evaluated each stage...
We used six ruminally cannulated steers in a two-period crossover design to study ruminal fermentative and microbial changes associated with induced subacute acidosis. Steers were adapted either an 80% alfalfa hay (hay-adapted)- or corn grain (grain-adapted)-based concentrate diet. After feed was withheld for 24 h, overfed all-grain diet at 3.5 × NEm daily 3 d. Ruminal contents jugular blood samples collected before withholding 0 12 h d during the overfeeding period. analyzed pH, lactate,...
Eight bull calves (four Holsteins and four Ayrshire with mean birth weight of 38.8 kg) were ruminally cannulated at 3 d age allocated to one two weaning programs. All fed colostrum for after milk until weaning. Calves in the conventional-weaning program a starter diet from weaned 6 wk age. In early-weaning program, highly palatable pre-starter they consumed 227 g/d, then mixture (227 g) ad libitum. this group 4 Ruminal samples collected 7 d, weekly thereafter through 8 10 12 assess microbial...
Lasalocid or monensin inhibited most of the lactate-producing rumen bacteria (Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, Eubacterium cellulosolvens, E. ruminantium, Lacbnospira multiparus, Lactobacillus ruminis, L. vitulinus, Ruminococcus albus, R. flavefaciens, Streptococcus boris). Minimum inhibitory concentrations ranged from .38 to 3.0 μg/ml. Among lactate producers, those that produce succinate as a major end product (Bacteroides, Selenomonas, Succinimonas, Succinivibrio) were not by lasalocid...
Susceptibility and resistance of ruminal bacterial species to avoparcin, narasin, salinomycin, thiopeptin, tylosin, virginiamycin, two new ionophore antibiotics, RO22-6924/004 RO21-6447/009, were determined. Generally, antimicrobial compounds inhibitory gram-positive bacteria those that have gram-positive-like cell wall structure. MICs ranged from 0.09 24.0 micrograms/ml. Gram-negative resistant at the highest concentration tested (48.0 micrograms/ml). On basis their fermentation products,...
Our purpose was to provide commentary and new perspectives related liver abscesses, a historic problem in beef cattle, by describing discussing docu- mented research, anecdotal observations, opinions re- garding the causation, detection, prevention of abscesses. Sources for this article include peer-reviewed, scientific literature; abstracts; proceedings; theses dissertations; popular press articles; personal communica- tions; unpublished research data. Liver abscess (LA) disease cattle is...
The objective of Exp. 1 was to compare the effects virginiamycin (VM; 0, 175, or 250 mg x animal(-1) d(-1)) and monensin/tylosin (MT; 250/ 90 on ruminal fermentation products microbial populations in cattle during adaptation an all-concentrate diet. Four ruminally cannulated, Holstein steers were used a 4x4 Williams square design with 21-d periods. Steers stepped up diet fed at 2.5% BW once daily. Ruminal pH, protozoal counts, NH3-N VFA concentrations generally unaffected by VM MT. Mean...
Twenty ruminally fistulated steers (Exp. 1, 448 kg and Exp. 2, 450 kg) were used in two consecutive randomized complete block experiments with five treatments each experiment. The purpose was to evaluate the impact of feeding different supplemental sugars or starch combination degradable intake protein (DIP) on utilization low-quality tallgrass-prairie hay. In given ad libitum access forage and, except for negative control (NC), received a limited supply (insufficient maximize use) DIP...
Lasalocid, monensin or thiopeptin was administered intraruminally each at .33, .65 1.3 mg/kg body weight and evaluated for its effectiveness in preventing experimentally induced lactic acidosis cattle. Four rumen-fistulated cattle were used dosage level the design a 4 × Latin square with animal receiving lasalocid, monensin, no antibiotic. Acidosis by intraruminal administration of glucose (12.5 g/kg weight). Control exhibited typical drop rumen pH concurrent increases L(+) D(−) lactate...
Intraruminal administration of lasalocid or monensin (1.3 mg/kg body weight) effectively prevented glucose- corn-induced lactic acidosis in cattle. Administering the antibiotics for 7 days before experimentally inducing with corn (27.5 g/kg weight), acidosis, while 2 days' were sufficient to prevent glucose-induced (12.5 weight). The different responses observed two trials probably stemmed from difference amounts carbohydrate used induce acidosis. Antibiotic-treated cattle had higher rumen...
Distillers grains, a coproduct of ethanol production from cereal are composed principally the bran, protein, and germ fractions commonly supplemented in ruminant diets. The objective this study was to assess effect feeding wet distillers grains with solubles (WDGS) monensin tylosin on prevalence antimicrobial susceptibilities fecal foodborne commensal bacteria feedlot cattle. Cattle were fed 0 or 25% WDGS steam-flaked corn-based diets addition no antimicrobials, monensin, tylosin. Fecal...
An 11-gene multiplex polymerase chain reaction (mPCR) was developed based on genes that code for serogroup-specific O-antigens and four major virulence factors (intimin, enterohemorrhagic hemolysin, Shiga toxins [Stx] 1 2), to detect O157 the "top six" non-O157 (O26, O45, O103, O111, O121, O145) toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC). The assay specificity validated with pure cultures of seven STEC (185 strains), 26 other (65 non-STEC (five 33 strains genera species. Sensitivity cattle...