A5039577739- HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk
- HIV Research and Treatment
- Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health
- Global Maternal and Child Health
- HIV-related health complications and treatments
- Sex work and related issues
- COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- HIV/AIDS Impact and Responses
- HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment
- Viral Infections and Outbreaks Research
- Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
- Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia detection and treatment
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Genital Health and Disease
- SARS-CoV-2 detection and testing
- Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
- Virology and Viral Diseases
- Urological Disorders and Treatments
- COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections
- Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting Issues
Columbia University
2009-2024
Carnegie Mellon University Africa
2023
ICAP Global Health
2013-2023
University of Rwanda
2021
AIDS United
2014
Rwanda Biomedical Center
2010-2012
A smartphone accessory can perform a point-of-care test that simultaneously detects three infectious disease markers from fingerprick whole blood in 15 min, as operated by health care workers trained on software app.
Generalizable data are needed on the magnitude and determinants of adherence virological suppression among patients antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Africa.We conducted a cross-sectional survey with chart abstraction, patient interviews site assessments nationally representative sample adults ART for 6, 12 18 months at 20 sites Rwanda. Adherence was assessed using 3- 30-day recall. A systematically selected sub-sample had viral load (VL) measurements. Multivariable logistic regression...
In 2016, an estimated 1.5 million females aged 15-24 years were living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in Eastern and Southern Africa, where the prevalence of HIV among adolescent girls young women (3.4%) is more than double that for males same age range (1.6%) (1). Progress was assessed toward Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) 2020 targets sub-Saharan Africa (90% those aware their status, 90% HIV-infected persons status antiretroviral treatment [ART],...
Background Adherence to treatment and sputum smear conversion after 2 months of are thought be important for successful outcome tuberculosis (TB) treatment. Methods Retrospective cohort study new adult TB patients diagnosed in the first quarter 2007 at 48 clinics Rwanda. Data were abstracted from registers individual charts. Logistic regression analysis was done examine associations between baseline demographic clinical factors three outcomes adherence, two months, death. Results Out 725...
Background Antiretroviral therapy (ART) improves morbidity and mortality in patients with HIV, however high rates of loss to follow-up (LTF) have been documented HIV care treatment programs. Methods We analyzed routinely-collected data on HIV-infected ≥15 years enrolled at 41 healthcare facilities Rwanda from 2005 2010. LTF was defined as not attending clinic the last 12 months for pre-ART 6 ART patients. For period, sub-distribution hazards models were constructed estimate death account...
Limited information exists on adults ≥50 years receiving HIV care in sub-Saharan Africa.Using routinely-collected longitudinal patient-level data among 391,111 ≥15 enrolling from January 2005-December 2010 and 184,689 initiating ART, we compared characteristics outcomes between older (≥50 years) younger at 199 clinics Kenya, Mozambique, Rwanda, Tanzania. We calculated proportions over time of newly enrolled active ART who were years; cumulative incidence loss to follow-up (LTF) recorded...
The 2018-2019 Rwanda Population-based HIV Impact Assessment (RPHIA) was conducted to measure national incidence and prevalence. District-level estimates were modeled inform resources allocation.RPHIA a nationally representative cross-sectional household survey. Consenting adults interviewed tested for using the diagnostic algorithm followed by laboratory-based confirmation of status testing viral load (VL), limiting antigen (LAg) avidity, presence antiretrovirals. Incidence calculated...
To understand pregnancy intentions and contraception knowledge use among HIV-positive negative women in the national prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) program Rwanda.A cross-sectional survey 236 162 HIV-negative postpartum interviewed within 12 months their expected delivery date randomly selected public-sector health facilities providing PMTCT services.: Bivariate analyses explored fertility intentions, family planning by HIV status. Multivariate analysis identified...
Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV has been eliminated from the developed world with introduction multi-drug antiretroviral (md-ARV) regimens for prevention MTCT (PMTCT); but remains major cause infection among sub-Saharan African children. This study compares two service delivery models PMTCT interventions and documents lessons learned challenges encountered during transition single-dose nevirapine (sd-nvp) to md-ARV in a resource-limited setting. Program data collected 32 clinical...
To examine changes between 2006 and 2011 in the proportion of HIV-positive patients newly enrolled HIV care with advanced disease median CD4 cell count at enrollment; identify patient, facility, contextual-level factors associated late enrollment 2011.Cross-sectional over time.For time-trends analyses, routinely collected patient-level data (307 110 adults 138 clinical facilities) Kenya, Mozambique, Rwanda Tanzania; for analyses correlates, (46 201 195 facilities), facility population-level...
Background We examined the epidemiology and transmission potential of HIV population viral load (VL) in 12 sub-Saharan African countries. Methods analyzed data from Population-based Impact Assessments (PHIAs), large national household-based surveys conducted between 2015 2019 Cameroon, Cote d’Ivoire, Eswatini, Kenya, Lesotho, Malawi, Namibia, Rwanda, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe. Blood-based biomarkers included serology, recency infection, VL. estimated number people living with...
In Rwanda tuberculosis (TB) is one of the major health problems. To contribute to an improved performance Rwandan National TB Control Program, we conducted a study with following objectives: (1) assess completion rate sputum smear examinations at end intensive phase treatment; (2) conversion (SCR); (3) associations between or SCR key facility characteristics. registers in 89 facilities five provinces were reviewed. Data new and retreatment smear-positive pulmonary (PTB+) cases registered...
Introduction Routine provider-initiated HIV testing and counselling (PITC) may increase rates, but whether PITC is acceptable to health facility (HF) attendees unclear. In the course of a intervention study in Rwanda, we assessed acceptability PITC, reasons for being or not tested factors associated with testing. Methods Attendees were systematically interviewed March 2009 as they left HF, regarding knowledge history not. Subsequently, was introduced 6 8 HFs second round interviews...
Background: Efforts to scale-up HIV treatment in high burden countries have resulted wider access care, improved survival and decreased morbidity for HIV-infected children. The country of Rwanda has made significant achievements expanding coverage pediatric services. Methods: We describe the extent factors associated with mortality lost follow-up (LTF) children (<15 years) enrolled care at 39 ICAP-supported facilities across from 2004 2010 by antiretroviral (ART) status. estimated 1-year...
In 2009, after 5 years of expanding HIV services to achieve universal access antiretroviral treatment, Rwanda and PEPFAR embarked on a sustainability country ownership phase
Identifying men living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is critical to end the epidemic. We describe underlying factors of unawareness among aged 15-59 years who ever tested for 13 SSA countries.
Provider-initiated HIV testing and counselling (PITC) is promoted as a means to increase case finding. We assessed the effectiveness of PITC rate finding among outpatients in Rwandan health facilities (HF). was introduced six HFs 2009-2010. were compared between phase 1 (pre-PITC) 3 (PITC period) for outpatient-department (OPD) attendees only, OPD voluntary counseling & (VCT) departments combined. Out 26,367 adult 1, 4.7 % tested out 29,864 3, 17.0 (p < 0.001). The proportion cases diagnosed...
HIV testing is a critical step to accessing antiretroviral therapy (ART) because early diagnosis can facilitate earlier initiation of ART. This study presents aggregated data individuals who self-reported being HIV-positive but subsequently tested HIV-negative during nationally representative Population-Based Impact Assessment surveys conducted in 11 countries from 2015 2018.
HIV testing and counselling forms the gateway to care treatment continuum. Therefore, World Health Organization recommends provider-initiated (PITC) in countries with a generalized epidemic. Few studies have investigated linkage-to-HIV-care among out-patients after PITC. Our objective was study timely six Rwandan health facilities (HFs) before introduction of PITC out-patient departments (OPDs). Information from patients diagnosed abstracted voluntary testing, OPD laboratory registers HFs...
We report levels and determinants of attrition in Rwanda, one the few African countries with universal ART access. analyzed data abstracted from health facility records a nationally representative sample adults [≥18 years] who initiated 6, 12, 18 months prior to collection; collected characteristics assessment questionnaire. Weighted proportions rates [loss follow-up or death] were calculated, patient- facility-level factors associated examined using Cox proportional hazard models. 1678 12...
Although the United Republic of Tanzania has made remarkable progress in scaling up HIV services, substantial gaps pediatric coverage remain (Joint Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS, 2013). is among countries with world's lowest antiretroviral therapy 2013), and Ministry Health (MOH), Community, Development, Gender, Elderly Children prioritized expanding access to testing, care, treatment for children (United Social Welfare, 2012). Improving identification living a critical first step coverage....
Despite recent advances in the management of HIV infection and increased access to treatment, prevention, care support, HIV/AIDS epidemic continues be a major global health problem, with sub-Saharan Africa suffering by far greatest humanitarian, demographic socio-economic burden epidemic. Information on clinical established cohorts' characteristics Central region are sparse.A survey resources, practices patient was undertaken among 12 adult sites four countries International Epidemiologic...
Abstract Large public-health training events may result in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission. Universal SARS-CoV-2 testing during trainings for the Uganda Population-based HIV Impact Assessment identified 28 of 475 (5.9%) individuals with disease 2019 (COVID-19) among attendees; most (89.3%) were asymptomatic. Until COVID-19 vaccine is readily available staff and participants, effective mitigation measures, along testing, are recommended in-person...