The stable isotope compositions of biologically precipitated apatite in bone, teeth, and scales are widely used to obtain information on the diet, behavior, physiology extinct organisms reconstruct past climate. Here we report application a new type geochemical measurement bioapatite, “clumped-isotope” paleothermometer, based thermodynamically driven preference for 13 C 18 O bond with each other within carbonate ions bioapatite crystal lattice. This effect is dependent temperature but,...

species B. Schiedeamis and dealbatus.He stated that the new form while belonging to same group, is slenderer than Schiedeanvs, stronghj longitudbially striate, differing in this character from all other known United States ^((7u/u(7

The 18 m.y. history of the subfamily Equinae (exclusive Archaeohippus and “ Parahippus ”) in North America consisted a 3-m.y. radiation phase, 9-m.y. steady-state diversity 6-m.y. reduction phase. During species richness varied between 14 20, with two maxima at about 13.5 6.5 Ma. Species tribes Hipparionini Equini was equal through middle Miocene, but hipparionines consistently had more late Miocene early Pliocene. Overall mean duration 3.2 ( n = 50), or an average extinction rate 0.31 -1...

A shallow-marine fossil biota was recovered from the Blue Bluff unit (formerly part of McBean Formation) in Upper Coastal Plain eastern Georgia. Biochronologically significant mollusks (e.g., Turritella nasuta, Cubitostrea sellaeformis, Pteropsella lapidosa ) and calcareous nannoplankton Chiasmolithus solitus, Reticulofenestra umbilica, Cribocentrum reticulatum indicate a latest Lutetian-earliest Bartonian age, or about 40 to 41 Ma. Georgiacetus vogtlensis new genus species is described...

Research Article| February 01, 2007 Revised age of the late Neogene terror bird (Titanis) in North America during Great American Interchange Bruce J. MacFadden; MacFadden 1Florida Museum Natural History, University Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Joann Labs-Hochstein; Labs-Hochstein Richard C. Hulbert, Jr; Jr Jon A. Baskin 2Department Biology, Texas A & M University, MSC 158, Kingsville, 78363, Geology (2007) 35 (2):...

Dietary variation within species has important ecological and evolutionary implications. While theoreticians have debated the consequences of trait variance (including dietary specialization), empirical studies yet to examine intraspecific variability across globe through time. Here, we use new published serial sampled δ 13 C enamel values herbivorous mammals from Miocene present (318 individuals summarized, 4134 samples) how strategy (i.e. browser, mixed-feeder, grazer) affects individual...

A late Miocene population of Neohipparion cf. leptode from the Love Bone Bed Florida was found to have 13 discrete annual age classes based on eruption sequences and tooth wear. The large sample size individuals (minimum number = 229) allowed estimation standard parameters, including age-specific mortality rates. average death for a newborn 3.5 years, but those that survived 64% juvenile occurring during first two years lived an 8.0 years. potential longevity this species had not increased...

The previously poorly known “Tapiravus” polkensis Olsen, 1960 (Mammalia, Perissodactyla, Tapiridae) is now from abundant, well preserved specimens both the type area in central Florida and Gray Fossil Site (GFS) eastern Tennessee. latter has produced over 75 individuals, greatest number of tapirids a single fossil site, including many articulated skeletons. Almost all linear measurements taken on skulls, mandibles, cheek teeth GFS have coefficients variation less than 10 (most between 3 7),...

The Leisey Shell Pit Local Fauna was collected from two adjacent commercial shell mines located 7 km southwest of Ruskin and less than 1 inland Tampa Bay in Hillsborough County, Florida is one the most diverse Irvingtonian vertebrate faunas North America, composed at least 203 species: 14 sharks, 9 rays, 50 bony fish, 3 amphibians, 26 reptiles. 52 birds, 49 mammals. 1A 3A are largest four principal sites that constitute Fauna. has extensive samples large mammals, particular: camelids...

South-central Florida's latest Hemphillian Palmetto Fauna includes two machairodontine felids, the lion-sized Machairodus coloradensis and a smaller, jaguar-sized species, initially referred to Megantereon hesperus based on single, relatively incomplete mandible. This made latter oldest record of Megantereon, suggesting New World origin genus. Subsequent workers variously accepted or rejected this identification biogeographic scenario. Fortunately, new material, which preserves previously...

The limb skeleton of tapirs (Perissodactyla: Tapirus spp.) was traditionally thought to exhibit morphological variation only as a result changes in body size. Here, we test whether forelimb exhibited by is solely an artefact size fluctuations through the tapir fossil record or it influenced habitat differences. We investigated osteology 12 species using three-dimensional geometric morphometrics on laser surface scans. Aligned shape coordinates were regressed against intrinsic bone account...

Apex predators play an important role in the top-down regulation of ecological communities. Their hunting and feeding behaviors influence, respectively, prey demography availability resources to other consumers. Among most iconic-and enigmatic-terrestrial late Cenozoic are Machairodontinae, a diverse group big cats whose hypertrophied upper canines have earned them moniker "sabertooths." Many aspects these animals' paleobiology, especially their preferences carcass consumption behavior,...

ABSTRACT Four new late Pleistocene faunas have been collected in Chatham County, Georgia, the vicinity of Savannah. Together they produced 103 vertebrate taxa (12 chondrichthyans, 25 actinopterygians, 7 amphibians, 20 reptiles, 4 birds, and 35 mammals), which at least 14 are extinct. About 75 percent these reported for first time as fossils from coastal Georgia. The Isle Hope, Mayfair, Jones Girls sites numerically dominated by neritic marine fossils, both invertebrate, implying that their...

Abstract Leisey Shell Pit, on the southeastern edge of Tampa Bay, has produced largest early Pleistocene vertebrate fauna in North America, consisting about 30,000 cataloged specimens. The predominantly terrestrial and freshwater was transported into an estuarine environment during a regressive phase otherwise marine, bay-bottom sequence sandy shell beds. biochronological age Pit local is late Sappan (or Irvingtonian) based presence such mammalian species as Mammuthus meridionalis Smilodon...

ABSTRACT The horse Parahippus leonensis is the most numerous large mammal known from important early Miocene Thomas Farm fossil locality. A sample of mandibles (n = 89) P. was analyzed. Despite having a variable dental morphology, morphometric studies indicate that only one species represented. Sexual dimorphism in body size suggested by bimodality several measured characters, although there some overlap between sexes. seems to be attritional, youngest wear-class (estimated age at death 0–2...

Three successive species of Neohipparion are recognized from the Gulf Coastal Plain: N. affine early Clarendonian Lapara Creek Fauna Texas; trampasense very late and Hemphillian Florida; eurystyle Florida. Numerous specimens Love Site, Alachua County, Florida, as well other faunas similar age Kansas, Nebraska (e.g., Xmas-Kat Quarries), referred to . This is ancestral all later , it shares with them many advanced dental characters, but often in a rudimentary or intermediate form. Five valid...

The Mauvilla local fauna, Mobile County, Alabama, contains 15 mammalian taxa, of which 12 are either new or have not previously been reported from this locality. Most abundant three equids, Cormohipparion emsliei, Neohipparion eurystyle, and Protohippus gidleyi, a species protoceratid artiodactyl, Synthetoceras davisorum, large peccary, Prosthennops cf. serus. davisorum is distinguished tricornatus by its distinctly smaller size several dental characters including absence parastyle on the...

Abstract The first appearance of mammoth ( Mammuthus ) is currently used to define the beginning Irvingtonian North American Land Mammal Age at about 1.4 Ma. Thereafter, fossils are common and widespread in America until end Pleistocene. In contrast this generally accepted biochronology, recent reports have asserted that occurs late Pliocene (ca. 2.5 Ma) alluvium from Santa Fe River northern Florida. supposedly contemporaneous fossil assemblage produced specimens actually consists a mixture...

ABSTRACT Cormohipparion emsliei n. sp. is documented from the latest Hemphillian and late Blancan of peninsular Florida. This extends known temporal range genus in North America by about four million years. C. continues accentuates many trends observed earlier species Cormohipparion, including increased fossette complexity (on average it most complicated American hipparionines) pli caballinid development on both premolars molars. The dorsal preorbital fossa reduced, as frequently Neogene...