Paucity of permissive molecules and abundance inhibitory in the injured spinal cord adult mammals prevent axons from successful regeneration and, thus, contribute to failure functional recovery. Using an adeno-associated viral (AAV) vector, we expressed regeneration-promoting cell adhesion molecule L1 both neurons glia lesioned mice. Exogenous L1, detectable already 1 week after thoracic compression immediate vector injection, was at high levels up 5 weeks, longest time-period studied....

Abstract Background It has been postulated that exercise-induced activation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) may account for improvement stepping ability in animals after complete spinal cord transection. As we have shown previously, treadmill locomotor exercise leads to up-regulation BDNF protein and mRNA the entire neuronal network intact cord. The questions arise: (i) how training, supplemented with tail stimulation, affects expression molecular correlates synaptic plasticity...

Strategies to induce recovery from lesions of the spinal cord have not fully resulted in clinical applications. This is a consequence number impediments that axons encounter when trying regrow beyond lesion site, and intraspinal rearrangements are subjected to. In present study we evaluated (1) possibility improve locomotor after complete transection by means an adeno-associated (AAV) viral vector expressing neurotrophin brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) lumbar neurons caudal site (2)...

Intravitreal delivery of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) by injection recombinant protein or gene therapy can alleviate retinal ganglion cell (RGC) loss after optic nerve injury (ONI) laser-induced ocular hypertension (OHT). In models glaucoma, BDNF delay halt RGCs loss, but this protection is time-limited. The decreased efficacy supplementation has been in part attributed to TrkB receptor downregulation. However, whether overexpression causes downregulation, impairing long-term...

Abstract The effect of intramuscular administration monosialoganglioside (GM1) on postlesion responses choline acetyltransferase and acetylcholinesterase activity in partially deafferented rat hippocampus was studied at various survival times. Lesions destroying the medioventral, septal area, or lesions performed supracallosal stria including corpus callosum cingulum evoked cholinergic denervation hippocampus, while those made entorhinal cortex resulted partial glutamatergic deafferentation....

Previous evidence indicates that locomotor exercise is a powerful means of increasing brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its signal transduction receptor TrkB mRNA levels, immunolabeling intensity number BDNF- TrkB-immunopositive cells in the spinal cord adult rats but contribution specific cell types to changes resulting from long-term activity unknown. As BDNF protein distribution due systemic stimuli may reflect either in-situ synthesis or translocation other sources, we...

Cholinergic input modulates excitability of motoneurons and plays an important role in the control locomotion both intact spinalized animals. However, spinal cord transection adult rats affects cholinergic innervation only some hindlimb motoneurons, suggesting that specificity this response is related to functional differences between motoneurons. Our aim was therefore compare innervating soleus (Sol) tibialis anterior (TA) following at a low-thoracic level. The second investigate whether...

Metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors, which are present on neurons and glial cells, have been shown to play a role in neuropathic pain. The study sought investigate how the inhibitors minocycline pentoxifylline alter effect that chronic constriction injury (CCI) has expression of mGlu receptors their associated ligands. RT-PCR analysis revealed seven days after CCI, mRNA levels markers C1q GFAP, as well those mGlu5 mGlu3, but not mGlu7, were elevated lumbar spinal cord - ipsilateral...

Numerous experimental data point to therapeutic effects of electrical stimulation peripheral nerves. Stimulation low‑threshold proprioceptive afferents motoneurons (MNs) innervating the ankle extensor muscles rat increases glutamatergic Ia MN inputs and spinal muscle expression neurotrophin‑3, instrumental for afferent‑MN connections. We aimed examine morphological consequences cuff electrode implanted around tibial nerve used chronic which may cause unwanted through its long‑lasting contact...

Brain infarct triggers neurodegeneration that often shades spontaneous plasticity, occurring in the areas related anatomically and functionally to infarcted structures. Neurotrophins which promote neuronal survival may protect neurons enhance remodeling of remaining circuits, leading restoration function. In particular, crucial role brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) cortical function is well documented. Since BDNF was implicated mechanism postinfarct recovery, we investigated whether...

The importance of neurotrophin 3 (NT-3) for motor control prompted us to ask the question whether direct electrical stimulation low-threshold muscle afferents, strengthening proprioceptive signaling, could effectively increase endogenous pool this and its receptor TrkC in Hoffmann-reflex (H-reflex) circuitry. effects were compared with those brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) TrkB receptor. Continuous bursts stimuli delivered unilaterally seven days, 80 min daily, by means a...

In situ hybridization was used to evaluate whether long-term moderate locomotor exercise, which up-regulates BDNF and TrkB levels in the spinal gray matter of adult rat, similarly influences expression cell adhesion molecules N-CAM L1. Exercise doubled level mRNA signal lumbar gray. The increase L1 less consistent. slightly increased white matter. also cells ventral horn due exercise. These results suggest that exercise-induced rearrangements network involve N-CAM, BDNF, crucial different...

After spinal cord transection (SCT) the interaction between motoneurons (MNs) and muscle is impaired, due to reorganization of network after a loss supraspinal inputs. Rats subjected SCT, treated with intraspinal injection AAV-BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor) construct, partially regained ability walk. The central effects this treatment have been identified, but its impact at neuromuscular junction (NMJ) has not characterized. Here, we compared NMJ pre- postsynaptic machinery in...

The effects of stimulation low-threshold proprioceptive afferents in the tibial nerve on two types excitatory inputs to α-motoneurons were tested. first input is formed by glutamatergic Ia sensory contacting monosynaptically α-motoneurons. second one cholinergic originating from V0c-interneurons, located lamina X spinal cord, modulating activity via C-terminals. Our aim was clarify whether enhancement signaling ankle extensor α-motoneurons, direct electrical addressed predominantly fibers...

Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) consist of core proteins and glycosaminoglycan side chains. Tenascins, hyaluronan proteoglycan link protein 1 (HAPLN), CSPGs with a backbone to constitute perineuronal nets (PNNs), which ensheath preferentially highly active neurons maintain architecture stabilize synapses, but restrict repair plasticity. Spinal cord injury increases CSPG levels in the lesion proximity, limiting permissiveness extracellular milieu for fiber regrowth, however...

The neurotrophin gene family comprises four structurally related basic proteins, NGF, BDNF, NT-3 and NT-4/5. Despite high structural homology, these neurotrophins operate via different high-affinity membrane receptors, differ in target specificity, patterns of spatial temporal distribution responses to injury the neuronal tissue. Based on recent data, some aspects BDNF activity their possible role normal damaged nervous system are presented. Different effectiveness exogenously applied...