Here, the ligand binding, activation, and tissue distribution of orphan G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) GPR92 were studied. binds is activated by compounds based on lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) backbone. The binding LPA to was high affinity (<i>K</i>_D = 6.4 ± 0.9 nM) led an increase in both phosphoinositide hydrolysis cAMP production. atypical that it has a low sequence homology with classic LPA_1-3 receptors (21-22%). Expression mainly found heart, placenta, spleen,...

Glutamine depletion is demonstrated to be an independent predictor of hospital mortality in ICU (intensive care unit) patients. Today glutamine supplementation recommended patients on parenteral nutrition. In addition glutamine, glutathione may a limiting factor with MOF (multiple organ failure). To study the prevalence and observational was performed. The results were analysed relation conventional predictors outcome, APACHE II (Acute Physiology Chronic Health Evaluation II) SOFA...

Extracts from Gynostemma pentaphyllum Makino (Cucurbitaceae), a Southeast Asian herb, has been reported to affect numerous activities resulting in antitumor, cholesterol-lowering, immunopotentiating, antioxidant, and hypoglycemic effects. We have isolated one active compound by ethanol extraction, distribution n-butyl alcohol/water, solid phase extraction/separation, several rounds of reverse high pressure liquid chromatography. shown NMR mass spectrometry that this is novel saponin,...

Background The drop in plasma albumin concentration following surgical trauma is well known, but the temporal pattern of detailed mechanisms behind are less described. aim this explorative study was to assess changes synthesis and transcapillary escape rate (TER) major trauma, at time peak elevations two well-recognized markers inflammation. Methods This a clinical trial radiolabeled human serum for TER volume. Ten patients were studied immediately preoperatively on 2nd postoperative day...

In previous work, extravascular expansion was observed to be enhanced by isoflurane anesthesia in sheep when a crystalloid bolus administered. The aim of the current study further elaborate these investigations humans and explore use population kinetics analysis fluid shifts.Eleven healthy volunteers participated two experiments each, either awake or anesthetized, during which they received 25 ml/kg saline, 0.9%, intravenously over 20 min. Plasma dilution data were derived from repeated...

The gene encoding the human vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and histidine-methionine amide (PHM-27) hormone was isolated from lambda phage libraries. found to be composed of seven exons spanning approximately 9 kilobase pairs. first exon codes for an untranslated leader sequence, second a putative signal peptide. DNA sequences coding VIP PHM-27 hormones are located in two different exons. Southern blot analysis with genomic suggested that single copy VIP/PHM-27 is present haploid genome....

The time course of plasma albumin concentration (P-alb) and cumulative perioperative shift as a measure extravasation in major abdominal surgery is not well described. Knowledge these indices the vascular barrier content are important for our understanding fluid physiology during anesthesia. Patients (n = 10) were studied esophageal or pancreatic surgery. P-alb was repeatedly measured over 72 h, mass balance hemoglobin obtained from measures P-alb, blood hematocrit. decreased rapidly...

Indirect calorimetry allows the determination of energy expenditure in critically ill patients by measuring oxygen consumption (VO2) and carbon dioxide production (VCO2). Recent studies have demonstrated variable performance "breath-by-breath" instruments compared to mixing chamber technology. The aim this study was validate two modern devices (E-sCOVX Quark RMR) against a reference method (Deltatrac II). Measurements VO2/VCO2 with test were performed simultaneously over 20-min period...

Introduction Early differentiation between perforated and nonperforated acute appendicitis (AA) in children is of major benefit for the selection proper treatment. Based on pilot study data, we hypothesized that plasma sodium concentration at hospital admission a diagnostic marker perforation with AA. Materials Methods This was prospective accuracy study, including previously healthy children, 1 to 14 years age, Blood sampling included concentration, glucose, base excess, white blood cell...

Ethanol (0.40 g/kg) was administered to 13 healthy men by intravenous (i.v.) infusion at a constant rate for 30 min. The concentrations of ethanol in arterial blood (ABAC), venous (VBAC), and end-expired breath (BrAC) were measured 17 exactly timed intervals. Blood-ethanol determined headspace gas chromatography breath-ethanol with quantitative infrared analyzer (DataMaster). BrAC multiplied 2300 estimate the alcohol blood. During ethanol, ABAC exceeded VBAC about 10 mg/dL on average also...

We have isolated galanin from chicken intestine by monitoring for the N‐terminal glycyltryptophan, which constitutes a conserved part characteristic of peptide. This method complements that previously used C‐terminal amide detection and proves chemical specific structures to be useful. The isolation allowed determination structure, was found unidentical any known galanins. However, pentadecapeptide parts are identical, showing this segment special importance. In addition common substitutions...

We recently showed that phanoside, a gypenoside isolated from the plant Gynostemma pentaphyllum , stimulates insulin secretion rat pancreatic islets. To study mechanisms by which phanoside secretion. Isolated islets of normal Wistar (W) rats and spontaneously diabetic Goto-Kakizaki (GK) were batch incubated or perifused. At both 3.3 16.7 mM glucose, stimulated several fold in W GK In perifusion islets, (75 150 μM) dose dependently increased returned to basal levels when was omitted. When at...

Providing supplemental amino acids to ICU patients during a 3-h period results in improved whole-body net protein balance, without an increase acid oxidation. The primary objective was investigate if 24-h intravenous infusion critically ill has sustained effect on balance as seen after 3 h. Secondary objectives were monitoring of oxidation rate, urea and free plasma concentrations.An [1-13C]-phenylalanine added ongoing enteral nutrition quantify the uptake acids. Primed infusions...

Aims To evaluate the prerequisites for using ethanol dilution to estimate total body water, we studied within‐ and between‐subject variation in parameter estimates of a two‐compartment model pharmacokinetics with parallel Michaelis‐Menten first‐order renal elimination. Because sampling breath might be preferable some clinical situations derived from venous blood were compared. Methods On two occasions, 0.4 g kg −1 was given by intravenous infusion 16 volunteers after they had fasted...

Better knowledge of albumin kinetics is needed to define the indications for use in clinical practice. This study involved two approaches: synthesis rate and transcapillary escape were measured simultaneously at different levels plasma concentration relation acute inflammation surgery; tracers compared determine volume rate. Healthy volunteers (n = 10), patients with inflammatory abdominal disease undergoing elective pancreatic resection 10) studied. The was by incorporation...

Abstract Introduction Albumin kinetics in septic shock have been extensively studied, but clinical recommendations remain weak. An increased transcapillary escape rate (TER) of albumin has demonstrated, though TER does not account for lymphatic return. Mass balance calculations, considering return, used to assess net leakage (NAL) major surgery sepsis. Objectives This study aimed evaluate NAL ten ICU patients with suspected sepsis, hypothesizing a positive leakage. Secondary aims included...

Background Hemorrhage is commonly treated with intravenous infusion of crystalloids. However, the dynamics fluid shifts between body spaces are not completely known, causing contradictory recommendations regarding timing and volume infusions. The authors have developed a turnover model that characterizes these shifts. Methods Conscious, chronically instrumented sheep (n = 12) were randomly assigned to three protocol groups: 25 ml/kg 0.9% saline over 20 min (infusion only), hemorrhage 300 ml...

Abstract Introduction Glutamine rate of appearance (R a ) may be used as an estimate endogenous glutamine production. Recently technique employing bolus injection isotopically labeled was introduced, with the potential to allow for multiple assessments R over time in critically ill patients, who not metabolically stable healthy individuals. Here evaluate production patients fed state and without exogenous supplementation intravenously. Methods Mechanically ventilated (n = 11) intensive care...

Background Higher than normal plasma glutamine concentration at admission to an intensive care unit is associated with unfavorable outcome. Very high levels are sometimes seen in both acute and chronic liver failure. We aimed systematically explore the relation between different types of failure concentrations. Methods Four groups patients were studies; (n = 40), on 20), fulminant post-hepatectomy 20). Child-Pugh Model for End-stage Liver Disease (MELD) scores assessed as indices function....