A5062446814- Epilepsy research and treatment
- Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Pharmacological Effects and Toxicity Studies
- Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications
- EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces
- Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
- Neurological disorders and treatments
- Diet and metabolism studies
- Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism
- Medical Imaging Techniques and Applications
- Infectious Encephalopathies and Encephalitis
- Glioma Diagnosis and Treatment
- HIV Research and Treatment
- Neonatal and fetal brain pathology
- Fetal and Pediatric Neurological Disorders
- Metabolism and Genetic Disorders
- Cytomegalovirus and herpesvirus research
- Drug Transport and Resistance Mechanisms
- Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications
- Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies
- Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Neurological and metabolic disorders
- HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment
- Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
- Hemoglobinopathies and Related Disorders
National Institutes of Health
2014-2024
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke
2014-2024
Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
2024
University of Maryland, Baltimore
2024
Ohio University
2024
Emory University
2001-2024
University of Zambia
2015-2023
Massachusetts General Hospital
2021
Children's National
2003-2020
Göteborgs Stads
2020
Summary Worldwide, about 65 million people are estimated to have epilepsy. Epidemiologic studies necessary define the full public health burden of epilepsy; set and care priorities; provide information needed for prevention, early detection, treatment; identify education service needs; promote effective support programs with However, different definitions epidemiologic methods complicate tasks these their interpretations comparisons. The purpose this document is consistency in an effort...
To identify age-dependent activation patterns of verbal fluency with functional MRI (fMRI).Few fMRI language studies have been performed in children, and none provide comparison data to adult studies. Normative are important for interpretation similar patients epilepsy.A total 10 normal children (5 boys, 5 girls; mean age, 10.7 years; range, 8.1 13.1 years) adults men, women; 28.7 19.3 48 were studied on a 1.5-T Signa scanner using BOLD echo planar imaging the frontal lobes paradigm, covert...
Abstract By several accounts, reading single words may be accomplished either by sequentially transcribing orthographic units into their corresponding sounds (an indirect route), or directly associating a visual word form to the semantic articulatory representation (a direct route). contrast, similar task of naming objects must rely only on route, since cannot “sounded out.” To study localization cognitive processes specific reading, we used positron emission tomography (PET) measure...
To assess the diagnostic accuracy and prognostic value of functional MRI (fMRI) in determining lateralization predicting postsurgical language memory outcomes.An 11-member panel evaluated rated available evidence according to 2004 American Academy Neurology process. At least 2 panelists reviewed full text 172 articles selected 37 for data extraction. Case reports, reports with <15 cases, meta-analyses, editorials were excluded.The use fMRI may be considered an option lateralizing functions...
We studied 120 generalized tonic-clonic seizures (GTCSs) in 47 patients with video-EEG telemetry. GTCSs were preceded by antecedent seizures, including 13 simple partial, 70 complex 17 partial leading to seven tonic, clonic, and one typical absence. divided into the following phases: onset of generalization, pretonic tremulousness, clonic. The mean GTCS duration was 62 seconds. There a nonsignificant trend toward longer on reduced antiepileptic drug doses. Marked heterogeneity phenomenology...
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<b><i><i>Objective:</i></i></b> To perform a controlled trial of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Twenty-four patients with localization-related epilepsy were randomized to blinded active or placebo stimulation. Weekly seizure frequency was compared for 8 weeks before and after 1 week 1-Hz TMS 15 minutes twice daily. <b><i>Results:</i></b> When the 8-week baseline post-stimulation periods compared, had mean reduction 0.045 ± 0.13 sham-stimulated control...
Positron emission tomography with simultaneous electroencephalographic monitoring was performed [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose in 20 patients complex partial seizures who had normal computed tomographic scans. Seven only unilateral epileptiform discharges on the electroencephalogram, 3 predominantly discharges, and 10 nonlocalized abnormalities. showed a hypometabolic lesion 16 of patients. Pathological changes region were found postoperative specimens 4 5 studied. unaffected by seizure frequency,...
<b>Clinical question</b> <b>Can ginger treat nausea and vomiting of pregnancy?</b> <b>Bottom line</b> <b>In the first trimester might improve by about 4 points on a 40-point scale or stop for 1 in 3 women at 6 days. The largest study suggests no increase fetal malformations stillbirths, but smaller studies suggest otherwise.</b>
<b><i>Background:</i></b> Previous studies have suggested a variety of factors that may be associated with the presence hippocampal formation (HF) atrophy in patients complex partial seizures (CPS), including history or prolonged febrile (FS), age at seizure onset, and epilepsy duration. <b><i>Objective:</i></b> To determine whether duration is related to HF atrophy. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We performed MRIs on 35 uncontrolled CPS who had temporal lobe ictal onset video-EEG. None evidence for...
Abstract We evaluated the role of positron emission tomography (PET) with [ 18 F]deoxyglucose (FDG) (FDG‐PET) for planning surgery in 53 patients who had temporal lobectomy uncontrolled seizures at National Institutes Health from 1981 to 1990. Investigators blinded PET data used results telemetered video‐electroencephalographic ictal monitoring and other standard criteria decide whether subdural electrodes (22 patients, i.e., “invasive” group) should be implanted or performed. scans were...
Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was measured using positron emission tomography during eyeblink conditioning in young adults. Subjects were scanned three experimental conditions: delay conditioning, which binaural tones preceded air puffs to the right eye by 400 msec; pseudoconditioning, presentations of tone and puff stimuli not correlated time; fixation rest, served as a baseline control. Compared with fixation, pseudoconditioning produced rCBF increases frontal temporal cortex, basal...
The computation of speech codes (i.e. phonology) is an important aspect word reading. Understanding the neural systems and mech- anisms underlying phonological processes provides a foundation for investigation language in brain. We used high-resolution three-dimensional positron emission tomography (PET) to investigate essential processes. burden activities on was maximized by three rhyming tasks (rhyming words, pseudowords words printed mixed letter cases). Brain activation patterns...
In North America, overall epilepsy incidence is approximately 50/100,000 per year, highest for children below five years of age, and the elderly. The best data suggest prevalence 5-10/1000. Potential effects gender, ethnicity, access to care socioeconomic variables need further study. Studies etiology classification mainly were performed without modern imaging tools. study found an standardized mortality ratio (SMR) relative general population 2.3. There evidence a greater increase in...
Twenty-three patients with complex partial seizures were evaluated 18F-2-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography and the Beck Depression Inventory. Five of 10 left zero eight right temporal electroencephalographic foci had depressive symptoms; one five poorly localized also scored in depressed range. Temporal, frontal, caudate, thalamic normalized glucose metabolic rates among symptoms well-localized epileptogenic regions compared without but similar characteristics. Multifactorial...
<i>Burkholderia pseudomallei</i> is a Gram-negative saprophyte that the causative agent of melioidosis, severe infectious disease endemic in Northern Australia and Southeast Asia. This organism has sparked much scientific interest West because its classification as potential bioterrorism by U.S. Centers for Disease Control Prevention. However, relatively little known about pathogenesis. We demonstrate <i>B. actively inhibits NF-κB type I IFN pathway activation, thereby downregulating host...
Human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6), a ubiquitous beta-herpesvirus, is the causative agent of roseola infantum and has been associated with number neurologic disorders including seizures, encephalitis/meningitis, multiple sclerosis. Although role HHV-6 in human CNS disease remains to be fully defined, studies have suggested that can site for persistent infection.To characterize extent distribution glial cells from surgical brain resections patients mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE).Brain samples...