A5111788156- RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms
- RNA modifications and cancer
- Toxoplasma gondii Research Studies
- RNA Research and Splicing
- Herpesvirus Infections and Treatments
- Parasitic Infections and Diagnostics
- Cytomegalovirus and herpesvirus research
- Nuclear Structure and Function
- Bacteriophages and microbial interactions
- DNA Repair Mechanisms
- Fungal and yeast genetics research
- Cardiac Valve Diseases and Treatments
- Rabies epidemiology and control
- Congenital Heart Disease Studies
- Cardiac Arrhythmias and Treatments
- Coccidia and coccidiosis research
- Cancer-related gene regulation
- Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies
- Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies Research
- DNA and Nucleic Acid Chemistry
- Parasite Biology and Host Interactions
- Infective Endocarditis Diagnosis and Management
- Cardiac Structural Anomalies and Repair
- Plant and Fungal Interactions Research
- Tracheal and airway disorders
The University of Texas at Austin
2016-2025
University of Alabama
2025
University of Missouri–Kansas City
2017
Asheville Cardiology Associates
2006-2016
Brigham Young University
2008-2014
University of Maryland, College Park
2013
University of Arkansas at Little Rock
1981-2013
The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
2012
Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire
2008-2009
Laboratory of Molecular Genetics
2009
Ribosome profiling produces snapshots of the locations actively translating ribosomes on messenger RNAs. These can be used to make inferences about translation dynamics. Recent ribosome studies in yeast, however, have reached contradictory conclusions regarding average rate each codon. Some experiments cycloheximide (CHX) stabilize before measuring their positions, and these all counterintuitively report a weak negative correlation between codon abundance its cognate tRNA. In contrast, some...
In eukaryotic cells, nuclear export of nascent ribosomal subunits through the pore complex depends on small GTPase Ran. However, neither signals (NESs) for nor receptor proteins, which recognize NESs and mediate subunits, have been identified. We showed previously that Nmd3p is an essential protein from yeast required a late step in biogenesis large (60S) subunit. Here, we show shuttles deletion NES leads to accumulation mutant protein, inhibition 60S subunit biogenesis, subunits. Moreover,...
Escherichia coli deficient in exonuclease III (xth gene mutants) are known to be hypersensitive hydrogen peroxide. We now show that such mutants accumulate many more DNA single-strand breaks than do wild-type bacteria upon exposure H2O2. isolated from H2O2-treated xth- cells contains strand not efficiently support synthesis by E. polymerase I, indicating the presence of blocking groups at 3' termini. Purified activates this blocked allow substantial I vitro. Another enzyme, endonuclease IV,...
DNA damage generated by oxygen radicals includes base-free apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) sites and strand breaks that bear deoxyribose fragments. The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae repairs such lesions using a single major enzyme. We have cloned the structural gene (APN1) encoding this AP endonuclease/3'-repair diesterase immunological screening of genomic expression library in lambda gt11. Gene disruption experiments confirm Apn1 protein accounts for greater than or equal to 97% both...
XRN1 encodes an abundant cytoplasmic exoribonuclease, Xrn1p, responsible for mRNA turnover in yeast. A screen bypass suppressors of the inviability xrn1 ski2 double mutants identified dominant alleles RAT1, encoding exoribonuclease homologous with Xrn1p. These RAT1 restored XRN1-like functions, including RNA turnover, wild-type sensitivity to microtubule-destabilizing drug benomyl, and sporulation. The mutations were localized a region gene putative bipartite nuclear localization sequence...
Agents that act via oxygen-derived free radicals form DNA strand breaks with fragmented sugar residues block repair synthesis. Using a synthetic substrate single type of fragment, 3'-phosphoglycolaldehyde esters, we show in Escherichia coli extracts the only EDTA-resistant diesterase for these damages depends on bacterial nfo (endonuclease IV) gene. Endonuclease IV was purified to physical homogeneity (Mr = 31,000) from an E. strain carrying cloned gene and which enzyme had been induced...
The torpedo model of transcription termination by RNA polymerase II proposes that a 5′–3′ exonuclease enters at the poly(A) cleavage site, degrades nascent RNA, and eventually displaces from DNA. Cotranscriptional degradation has not been directly demonstrated, however. Here we report two exonucleases, Rat1 Xrn1, both contribute to cotranscriptional but this is sufficient cause release. Unexpectedly, functions in 3′-end processing enhancing recruitment factors, including Pcf11 Rna15. In...
Gene networks are an efficient route for associating candidate genes with biological processes. Here, used to discover more than 15 new ribosomal subunit maturation, rRNA processing, and export from the nucleus.
The yeast superkiller (SKI) genes were originally identified from mutations allowing increased production of killer toxin encoded by M "killer" virus, a satellite the dsRNA virus L-A. XRN1 (SKI1) encodes cytoplasmic 5′-exoribonuclease responsible for majority RNA turnover, whereas SKI2, SKI3, and SKI8 are required normal 3′-degradation mRNA repression translation poly(A) minus RNA. Ski2p is putative helicase, Ski3p tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) protein, Ski8p contains five WD-40...
We characterized two essential putative GTPases, Nog1p and Lsg1p, that are found associated with free 60S ribosomal subunits affinity purified the nuclear export adapter Nmd3p. Lsg1p nucleolar cytoplasmic, respectively, not simultaneously on same particle, reflecting path of Nmd3p shuttling in out nucleus. Conditional mutants both NOG1 LSG1 defective subunit biogenesis display diminished levels at restrictive temperature. Mutants genes also accumulate reporter Rpl25-eGFP nucleolus,...
BUD23 was identified from a bioinformatics analysis of Saccharomyces cerevisiae genes involved in ribosome biogenesis. Deletion leads to severely impaired growth, reduced levels the small (40S) ribosomal subunit, and block processing 20S rRNA 18S rRNA, late step 40S maturation. Bud23 belongs S-adenosylmethionine-dependent Rossmann-fold methyltransferase superfamily is related small-molecule methyltransferases. Nevertheless, we considered that methylates rRNA. Methylation G1575 only mapped...
The large ribosomal subunit protein Rpl10p is required for joining and 60S export in yeast. We have recently shown that as well the cytoplasmic GTPase Lsg1p are releasing nuclear adapter Nmd3p from subunits cytoplasm. Here, we more directly address order of recruitment to subunit. show can bind absence Rpl10p. In addition, examined basis previously reported dominant negative growth phenotype caused by overexpression C-terminally truncated found these fragments not incorporated into nucleus...
The ribosome stalk is essential for recruitment of translation factors. In yeast, P0 and Rpl12 correspond to bacterial L10 L11 form the base mature ribosomes, whereas Mrt4 a nuclear paralogue P0. this study, we show that dual-specificity phosphatase Yvh1 required release from pre-60S subunits. Deletion YVH1 leads persistence on subunits in cytoplasm. A mutation at protein–RNA interface bypasses requirement Yvh1. Pre-60S associated with contain but lack both These results suggest linear...
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMagnesium ion requirements for yeast enolase activityLarry D. Faller, Bahige M. Baroudy, Alan Johnson, and Ralph X. EwallCite this: Biochemistry 1977, 16, 17, 3864–3869Publication Date (Print):August 23, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 23 August 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00636a023https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00636a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle...
In eukaryotes, the highly conserved U3 small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) base-pairs to multiple sites in pre-ribosomal (pre-rRNA) promote early cleavage and folding events. Binding of box A region pre-rRNA is mutually exclusive with central pseudoknot (CPK), a universally rRNA structure ribosomal subunit essential for protein synthesis. Here, we report that DEAH-box helicase Dhr1 (Ecm16) responsible displacing U3. An active site mutant blocked release from pre-ribosome, thereby trapping pre-40S...
Significance Ribosomopathies are paradoxical: They first appear as diseases caused by too few cells but later present many. Here, we show that the presence of is a quality control system eliminates mutant ribosomes before they allowed to translate mRNAs. Genetic suppression this increases amount available cells. However, 60S subunit deficiency results in release defective into translationally active pool. A genetic model presented describing how these types defects may result cancer,...
Abstract The catalytic activity of the ribosome is mediated by RNA, yet proteins are essential for function peptidyl transferase center (PTC). In eukaryotes, final assembly PTC occurs in cytoplasm insertion ribosomal protein Rpl10 (uL16). We determine structures six intermediates late nuclear and cytoplasmic maturation large subunit that reveal a tightly-choreographed sequence RNA rearrangements controlling Rpl10. also structure biogenesis factor Yvh1 show how it promotes P stalk, critical...
In eukaryotic ribosome biogenesis, U3 snoRNA base pairs with the pre-rRNA to promote its processing. However, must be removed allow folding of central pseudoknot, a key feature small subunit. Previously, we showed that DEAH/RHA RNA helicase Dhr1 dislodges from pre-rRNA. DHR1 can linked UTP14, encoding an essential protein preribosome, through genetic interactions rRNA methyltransferase Bud23. Here, report Utp14 regulates Dhr1. Mutations within discrete region reduced interaction correlated...