Purpose.: Lipofuscin (LF) accumulation within RPE cells is considered pathogenic in AMD. To test whether LF contributes to cell loss aging and provide a cellular basis for fundus autofluorescence (AF) we created maps of human number histologic AF. Methods.: Retinal pigment epithelium–Bruch's membrane flat mounts were prepared from 20 donor eyes (10 ≤ 51 10 > 80 years; postmortem: ≤4.2 hours; no retinal pathologies), preserving foveal position. Phalloidin-binding cytoskeleton LF-AF (488-nm...

To systematically characterize histologic features of multiple chorioretinal layers in eyes with geographic atrophy, or complete retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and outer secondary to age-related macular degeneration, including Henle fiber layer nuclear layer; compare these changes those the underlying RPE-Bruch membrane-choriocapillaris complex associated extracellular deposits.Geographic atrophy was delimited by external limiting membrane (ELM) descent towards Bruch membrane. In 13 eyes,...

Distracted driving contributes to a large proportion of motor vehicle crashes, yet little is known about the prevalence distracted and specific types distracting behaviors. The objective this study was estimate driver distraction using roadside observational design.A cross-sectional survey involving direct observation conducted at 11 selected intersections. Trained investigators observed sample passenger vehicles recorded distraction-related behaviors, characteristics, contextual factors...

In Brief Purpose: To inform the interpretation of clinical optical coherence tomography and fundus autofluorescence imaging in geographic atrophy (GA) age-related macular degeneration by determining distribution retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) phenotypes transition from health to donor eyes. Methods: RPE–Bruch membrane flat mounts two GA eyes, terminations organized RPE cytoskeleton autofluorescent material were compared. high-resolution histological sections 13 assessed at ±500 ±100 μm...

Purpose: To compare the ability of several visual functional tests in terms strength their associations with earliest phases age-related macular degeneration (AMD), which bears on potential to serve as endpoints evaluating treatments for early AMD and prevention strategies.Materials methods: Eyes from adults ≥60 years old were identified being normal health or stages (steps 2, 3 4) through grading color stereo-fundus photos by an experienced grader masked all other study variables who used...

Background: Virtual interactive presence (VIP) is a new technology that allows an individual to deliver real-time virtual assistance another geographically remote via standard Internet connection. The objectives of this pilot study were evaluate the efficiency and performance VIP system implemented in operating room setting, determine potential utility for guidance surgical procedures, assess safety system. Methods: Following institutional review board approval, fifteen patients underwent...

Purpose.: We designed a visual field test focused on the utilized while driving to examine associations between impairment and motor vehicle collision involvement in 2000 drivers aged 70 years or older. Methods.: The “driving test” involved measuring light sensitivity for 20 targets each eye, extending 15° superiorly, 30° inferiorly, 60° temporally, nasally. target locations were selected basis that they fell within region when viewing through windshield of dashboard driving. Monocular...

<h3>Importance</h3> Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of irreversible vision impairment in older adults United States, yet little known about whether AMD appropriately diagnosed primary eye care. <h3>Objectives</h3> To examine prevalence eyes with patients seen care clinics who purportedly have normal health per their medical record and association patient physician characteristics. <h3>Design, Setting, Participants</h3> In this cross-sectional study practices...

Purpose: In an eye with geographic atrophy (GA) secondary to age-related macular degeneration, we correlated ex vivo histologic features findings recorded in using optical coherence tomography (OCT), near-infrared reflectance imaging, and fundus autofluorescence. Methods: the left of 86-year-old white woman, eye-tracked OCT B-scans at each 6 clinic visits a baseline autofluorescence image were high-resolution images preserved donor eye. Results: Clinical imaging showed small parafoveal...

Purpose: Lipofuscin and melanolipofuscin organelles in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells are signal sources for clinical fundus autofluorescence (AF). To elucidate the subcellular basis of AF imaging, we identified, characterized, quantified frequency RPE morphology phenotypes donor eyes with age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Methods: In 25 RPE–Bruch's membrane flat mounts from eyes, analyzed 0.4-μm z-stack epifluorescence images stained phalloidin actin cytoskeleton. Using a...

Purpose.: Delayed rod-mediated dark adaptation (DA) is characteristic of early age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and also can be observed in some older adults normal health. We examine cross-sectional associations between DA risk factors for AMD Methods.: The sample consisted aged ≥60 years old health per grading fundus photos using an established disease classification system. Rod-mediated was measured psychophysically following a photobleach computer-automated adaptometer with targets...

ATP6V0C is the bafilomycin A1-binding subunit of vacuolar ATPase, an enzyme complex that critically regulates vesicular acidification. We and others have shown previously A1 cell viability, autophagic flux metabolism proteins accumulate in neurodegenerative disease. To determine importance for autophagy-lysosome pathway function, SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells differentiated to a neuronal phenotype were nucleofected with non-target or siRNA following recovery treated either vehicle...

This study examined the association between peripapillary choroidal thickness (PCT) with age and race in a group of African descent (AD) European (ED) subjects normal eyes.Optic nerve head images from enhanced depth imaging spectral-domain optical coherence tomography 166 eyes 84 AD ED were manually delineated to identify principal surfaces Bruch's membrane (BM), opening (BMO), anterior sclera (AS). Peripapillary was measured BM AS at increasing distance away BMO. The mean PCT compared...

To enable future studies of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) fate in the macular atrophy occurring eyes with neovascular age-related degeneration (nvAMD), authors determined how RPE morphology changes across transition from health to donor nvAMD.In RPE-Bruch membrane flat mounts 5 nvAMD eyes, terminations organized cytoskeleton and autofluorescent material were compared. In high-resolution histologic sections 27 phenotypes assessed at ±500 μm ±100 descent external limiting (ELM) toward Bruch...

Purpose: This study examined the peripapillary choroidal thickness (PCT) in nonarteritic ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) comparison to contralateral eyes and normal eyes. Methods: We used enhanced depth imaging spectral-domain optical coherence tomography image nerve head of 20 NAION, 10 eyes, 102 Following compensation, scans were manually delineated identify relevant surfaces including Bruch's membrane opening (BMO), membrane, anterior sclera. The PCT was defined as measurement between...

An innovative methodology using naturalistic driving data was used to examine the association between visual sensory and visual-cognitive function rates of future crash or near-crash involvement among older drivers.The Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP2) Naturalistic Driving Study for this prospective analysis. The sample consisted N = 659 drivers aged ≥70 years study participation lasted 1 2 most participants. Distance near acuity, contrast sensitivity, peripheral vision, processing...

The purpose of this study was to compare the incidence mental health outcomes in women United States with and without documented endometriosis. In a retrospective matched-cohort using administrative claims data from Optum's Clinformatics DataMart May 1, 2000, through March 31, 2019, aged 18-50 years endometriosis (n = 72,677), identified by International Classification Disease diagnosis codes (revisions 9 or 10), were matched 1:2 on age calendar time 147,251), median follow-up 529 days...

Abstract Background Cryptococcosis due to Cryptococcus neoformans and gattii varies with geographic region, populations affected, disease manifestations, severity of infection, which impact treatment. Methods We developed a retrospective cohort patients diagnosed culture-proven cryptococcosis during 1995–2013 from 5 centers in North America Australia. compared underlying diseases, clinical treatment, outcomes C. or infection. Results A total 709 (452 neoformans; 257 gattii) were identified....

To evaluate the association between binocular visual field defects in drivers with glaucoma and risk of motor vehicle collision (MVC) involvement.A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 438 aged 55 years or older using data from 1994 through 2000. Demographic, clinical, driving characteristics were obtained chart abstractions patient survey. Binocular measures generated by combining monocular (central 24-degree radius) fields whereby measure defined as more sensitive point at each...

We hypothesized that, similar to the coordinated homeostatic regulation of most hormones, concentration free and bioavailable 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] will be tightly controlled by total 25(OH)D vitamin binding protein (VDBP) that VDBP concentrations associated with insulin resistance status.Our primary objective was investigate associations between total, free, VDBP. also evaluated relationships indices.The study design cross-sectional in setting a university children's hospital. The...

Purpose.: To determine if laminar depth (LD) and prelaminar tissue volume (PTV) are associated with age race in healthy human eyes. Methods.: Optic nerve head images from enhanced imaging spectral-domain optical coherence tomography of 166 normal eyes 84 subjects African descent (AD) European (ED) were manually delineated to identify the principal surfaces: internal limiting membrane, Bruch's membrane (BM), anterior sclera (AS), surface lamina cribrosa. These four surfaces defined LD PTV...

Abstract Background : The human retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is reportedly 3% bi-nucleated. importance to vision of multi-nucleated (MN)-RPE cells could be clarified with more data about their distribution in central retina. Methods Nineteen RPE-flatmounts (9 ≤ 51 years, 10 &gt; 80 years) were imaged at 12 locations: 3 eccentricities (fovea, perifovea, near periphery) 4 quadrants (superior, inferior, temporal, nasal). Image stacks lipofuscin-attributable autofluorescence and phalloidin...