The Varroa destructor mite is a devastating parasite of Apis mellifera honeybees. They can cause colonies to collapse by spreading viruses and feeding on the fat reserves adults larvae. Amitraz used control mites due its low toxicity bees; however, mechanism bee resistance amitraz remains unknown. In this study, we found that major metabolite potently activated all four octopamine receptors. Behavioral assays using Drosophila null mutants receptors identified one receptor subtype Octβ2R as...

Hundreds of neurotoxic insecticides are currently in use. However, only a few direct targets have been identified. Here, using Drosophila and the insecticide flonicamid, we identified nicotinamidase (Naam) as previous unidentified molecular target for an insecticide. Naam is expressed chordotonal stretch-receptor neurons, inhibition by metabolite TFNA-AM (4-trifluoromethylnicotinamide), induces accumulation substrate nicotinamide greatly inhibits negative geotaxis. Engineered flies harboring...

Abstract The molecular mechanisms of coevolution between plants and insects remain elusive. GABA receptors are targets many neurotoxic terpenoids, which represent the most diverse array natural products known. Over deep evolutionary time, as plant terpene synthases diversified in plants, so did terpenoid defence repertoires. Here we show that herbivorous their predators evolved convergent amino acid changing substitutions duplicated copies Resistance to dieldrin ( Rdl ) gene encodes...

Stem cell therapy holds promise for treatment of intractable diseases and injured organs. For clinical translation, it is pivotal to understand the homing, engraftment, differentiation processes stem cells in a living body. Here we report near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent semiconductor polymer dots (Pdots) bright labeling tracking human mesenchymal (MSCs). The Pdots exhibit narrow-band emission at 775 nm with quantum yield 22%, among highest value various NIR probes. together penetrating...

We communicate an unconventional synthesis of Au nanoplates with high yield and excellent reproducibility through polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)-assisted H₂O₂ reduction.

Oomycete pathogens secrete hundreds of cytoplasmic RxLR effectors to modulate host immunity by targeting diverse plant proteins. Revealing how manipulate proteins is pivotal understanding infection processes and developing new strategies control disease. Here we show that the Phytophthora infestans effector Pi22798 interacts in nucleus with a potato class II knotted-like homeobox (KNOX) transcription factor, StKNOX3. Silencing ortholog NbKNOX3 Nicotiana benthamiana reduces colonization P....

Background: Norepinephrine and phenylephrine are widely used for obstetric anesthesia. Our central objective was to determine the ED (effective dose) 90 potency ratio of prophylactic norepinephrine boluses preventing postspinal anesthesia hypotension during cesarean section. Methods: Patients scheduled elective section (n = 80) were randomly allocated receive (NE) or (PE) immediately after induction spinal An initial dose NE (3 μg) PE (37.5 given first patient, an up-and-down sequential...

Ionizing radiation is widely used in cancer therapy; however, cells often develop radioresistance, which compromises the efficacy of therapy. Quantitative assessment alteration entire kinome radioresistant relative to their radiosensitive counterparts may provide important knowledge define mechanism(s) underlying tumor adaptive radioresistance and uncover novel target(s) for effective prevention treatment radioresistance. By employing a scheduled multiple-reaction monitoring analysis...

Non-specific phospholipase C (NPC) is involved in plant growth, development and stress responses. To elucidate the mechanism by which NPCs mediate cellular functions, here we show that NPC4 S-acylated at terminus acylation determines its plasma membrane (PM) association function. The of was detected using isolated from Arabidopsis reconstituted vitro. C-terminal Cys-533 identified as S-acylation residue, mutation to Ala-533 (NPC4C533A ) led loss NPC4. knockout impeded phosphate...

Abstract Plant receptor-like kinases (RLKs) regulate many processes in plants. Many RLKs perform significant roles plant immunity. Lectin (LecRLKs) are a large family of RLKs. However, the function most LecRLKs is poorly understood. In this study, we show that potato LecRLK, StLecRK-IV.1, involved immunity against Phytophthora infestans. As negative regulator immunity, StLecRK-IV.1 downregulated by P. infestans and activated abscisic acid. The transient expression Nicotiana benthamiana...

Background: Fluid loading improves hemodynamic stability and reduces the incidence rate of post-spinal anesthesia hypotension when prophylactic vasopressors are administered. We investigated impact different crystalloid coload volumes on 90% effective dose (ED) norepinephrine infusion for preventing in non-hypertensive patients undergoing cesarean section. Methods: Patients were randomly allocated to receive one (0mL/kg [0mL/kg Group], 5mL kg [5mL/kg 10mL [10mL/kg Group]) combination with...

Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] generated during industrial processes is carcinogenic. Although much known about the deleterious effects caused by reactive oxygen species reduction of Cr(VI) after its absorption biological systems, precise mechanisms underlying cytotoxicity remain poorly defined. Here, we analyzed, at global proteome scale, perturbation protein expression in GM00637 human skin fibroblast cells upon exposure to potassium dichromate (K₂Cr₂O₇). We were able quantify ∼4600 unique...

Fusion genes are major molecular biological abnormalities in hematological malignancies. This study aimed to depict the common recurrent gene-fusion landscape acute myeloid leukemia (AML). 3135 de novo AML cases were enrolled and 36 fusion assessed using multiplex-nested RT-PCR. Twenty-three distinct detected 1292 (41.21%) cases. The incidence of was higher pediatric than adult patients had incidences RUNX1-RUNX1T1, KMT2A-MLLT3, KMT2A-MLLT10, KMT2A-MLLT11, KMT2A-MLLT6, FUS-ERG, whereas...

Kinases are one of the most important families enzymes that involved in numerous cell signaling processes. Existing methods for studying kinase expression and activation have limited kinome coverage. Herein we established a multiple-reaction monitoring (MRM)-based targeted proteomic method provided an unprecedented coverage (∼80%) human kinome. We employed this profiling comprehensively alterations global HEK293T embryonic kidney cells upon treatment with methylglyoxal, glycolysis byproduct...

Kinases are crucial components in numerous cell signaling pathways. Aberrant expression and activation of protein kinases known to be accompanied by many types cancer, more than 30 small-molecule kinase inhibitors have been approved the Food Drug Administration (FDA) for cancer chemotherapy. Biological clinical applications require comprehensive characterizations about how these modulate activities at entire proteome scale. In this study, we developed a parallel-reaction monitoring...

A protocol has been developed to selectively process low-k SiCOH dielectric substrates in order activate or deactivate them toward the deposition of thin solid films by chemical (CVD ALD) means. The original surfaces are hydrophobic, an indication that they alkyl- rather than silanol-terminated and that, consequently, fairly unreactive. However, chemical-mechanical polishing (CMP) sometimes done during microelectronics fabrication renders hydrophilic reactive. It was shown here silylation...

Oxytocin (OXT) and corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) are both produced in hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN). Central CRH may cause depression-like symptoms, while peripheral higher OXT plasma levels were proposed to be a trait marker for bipolar disorder (BD). We aimed investigate differential expression the PVN their receptors prefrontal cortex of major depressive (MDD) BD patients. In addition, we investigated mood-related changes by stimulating PVN-OXT mice.Quantitative...