Abstract Central to Hubbell's neutral theory of biodiversity is a universal, dimensionless fundamental parameter that the product community size and speciation rate. One most important discoveries species‐abundance distribution species–area relationship metacommunity completely determined by this parameter, although diversity patterns local are collectively migration. Using relative abundance species following concept heterozygosity population genetics, here we developed an analytical...

Application of sewage sludge compost (SSC) as a fertilizer on landscaping provides potential way for the effective disposal sludge. However, response landscape trees to SSC application and impacts heavy metals from soil are poorly understood. We conducted pot experiment investigate effects addition Mangifera persiciforma growth quantified its uptake by setting five treatments with mass ratios lateritic 0%:100% (CK), 15%:85% (S15), 30%:70% (S30), 60%:40% (S60), 100%:0% (S100). As expected,...

Current neutral theory in macroecology has many parallels with population genetics, but it also distinct features that arise because focuses mainly on questions at the community level rather than level. Here we highlight similarities and differences between these two bodies of theories from aspects operational units, definitions neutrality, basic parameters, driving forces, spatial structure assembly rules. Compared whose development spans more 40 years, ecology, which is only a few years...

The disproportionately large involvement of the X-chromosome in isolation closely related species (the large-X effect) has been reported for many animals, where X-linked genes are mostly hemizygous heterogametic sex. expression deleterious recessive mutations is thought to drive frequent hybrid sterility, as well reduce interspecific gene flow genes. Here, we evaluate role speciation two plant - white and red campions (Silene latifolia S. dioica) that hybridize widely across Europe. evolved...

Understanding mating system as one of reproductive isolating barriers remains important although this barrier is classified in a different sense from behavioral, ecological, and mechanical barriers. Selfing enhances incipient speciation while outcrossing facilitates species integrity. Here, I study how affects gene exchanges between genetically diverging hybrid zone. Results show that predominant selfing has greater to selective flow than does species. Barrier neutral convexly changes with...

Moringa oleifera is a promising plant species for oil and forage, but its genetic improvement limited. Our current breeding program in this focuses on exploiting the functional genes associated with important agronomical traits. Here, we screened reliable reference accurately quantifying expression of target using technique real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) M. oleifera. Eighteen candidate were selected from transcriptome database, their stabilities examined 90...

Abstract Alternation of generations in plant life cycle provides a biological basis for natural selection occurring either the gametophyte or sporophyte phase both. Divergent biphasic could yield distinct evolutionary rates phase-specific pleiotropic genes. Here, we analyze models that deal with antagonistic and synergistic between alternative terms ratio nonsynonymous to synonymous divergence (Ka/Ks). Effects are opposite under but cumulative Under additive comparable strengths allelic...

Abstract The classical island and one-dimensional stepping-stone models of population genetic structure developed for animal populations are extended to hermaphrodite plant study the behavior biparentally inherited nuclear genes organelle with paternal maternal inheritance. By substituting appropriate values effective sizes migration rates concerned into models, expressions differentiation correlation in gene frequency between can be derived. For both maternally at migration-drift...

Toona ciliata is an important timber species but recognized as endangered at level II in China. Its genetic conservation of increasing concern. Provenance trials and other breeding programs were conducted to develop seed transfer rules multiplications. Here, we investigated twenty-nine populations sampled across the natural distribution T. complex using mtDNA nrDNA ITS (ribosomal internal transcribed spacer) markers. Haplotype diversity was h = 0.190 ± 0.202 nucleotide π 0.000383 0.000536...

The prediction of genetic gain from artificial selection in a trait is important plant and animal breeding. Lush’s classical breeder’s equation (BE) widely used for this purpose, although it also applied to predicting evolution under natural selection. current application high throughput sequencing techniques potentially allows breeders at the individual gene level capture both additive non-additive effects. Here, we provide comprehensive evaluation gains multiple hierarchical levels...

Most initially perfect flowers of Toona ciliata Roem subsequently develop into functionally unisexual and their relative positions in the same inflorescence could enhance outcrossing system this species. Here we investigated mating We used eight nuclear microsatellite markers progeny 125 mother trees from six populations naturally distributed South China, with sample sizes ranging 64 to 300 seeds. The multilocus rate was 0.970 ± 0.063, single locus 0.859 0.106, indicating pattern predominant...

Toona ciliata Roem is an important timber species in the genus of Meliaceae family and endangered due to over-cutting a low rate natural regeneration China. Although molecular markers have been applied studying population genetic diversity, absence reliable reference genome limits in-depth conservation evolutionary studies this species. Here, we reported high-quality assembly whole sequence T. ciliata. The total assembled has 520.64 Mb length anchored on 28 chromosomes (contig N50 = 4.48...

Abstract Toona ciliata is an endangered species due to over‐cutting and low natural regeneration in China. Its genetic conservation of increasing concern. However, several varieties are recognized according the leaf flower traits, which complicates T. . Here, we sequenced whole chloroplast genome sequences three samples for each four ( var. , yunnanensis pubescens henryi ) sympatry assessed their phylogenetic relationship at a fine spatial scale. The had sizes ranged from 159,546 159,617 bp...

We extend the neutral theory of macroecology by deriving biodiversity models (relative species abundance and species‐area relationships) in a local community‐metacommunity system which community is embedded within metacommunity. first demonstrate that diversity patterns converge to metacommunity as size (scale) increases. This result shows continuous landscapes no sharp boundaries dividing communities at two scales exist; they are an artificial distinction made current spatially implicit...

Machilus pauhoi Kanehira is an important timber species in China. A provenance trial was recently set up to evaluate the growth performance of trees from different localities, with aim designing seed transfer guidelines. Here, we tested twelve nuclear microsatellite markers derived other Lauraceae family and investigated population genetic structure M. pauhoi. Both number observed alleles per locus (Na) polymorphic information content (PIC) significantly decreased against latitude, but...

Abstract Neolamarckia cadamba is an important tropical and subtropical tree for timber industry in southern China also a medicinal plant because of the secondary product cadambine. N. belongs to Rubiaceae family its taxonomic relationships with other species are not fully evaluated based on genome sequences. Here, we report complete sequences mitochondrial , which 414,980 bp length successfully assembled two circles (109,836 305,144 bp). The mtDNA harbors 83 genes total, including 40...

Toona ciliata and sinensis belong to the genus of Meliaceae family are important timber species in China. T. is an endangered at level II due overcutting a low rate natural regeneration. was cultivated as economic nutritious tree for more than 2000 years. The two differ flower leaf morphological traits, reproductive systems, range size distribution. To reveal potential molecular basis these divergences, we examined similarities differences their whole genome sequences. Results indicate that...

Toona ciliata (Chinese mahogany) is an important timber species and secondary protected plant due to excessive exploitation in China. Here we developed a robust efficient regeneration system for adventitious shoot induction using hypocotyl explants of T. ciliata. To facilitate growth, different regulators were added Murashige–Skoog (MS) medium (0.5 mg/l 6-BA, 1.0 KT 0.1 IBA). A frequency 58.67% with four shoots per explant was achieved by horizontal setting hypocotyls on MS following 20-day...

Forest genetic conservation is typically species-specific and does not integrate interspecific interaction community structure. It mainly focuses on the theories of population quantitative genetics. This approach depicts intraspecific patterns structure derived from markers differentiation adaptive traits in provenance trials. However, it neglects possible natural forests overlooks hybridization or subspeciation. We propose that diversity a given species forest shaped by both evolutionary...