A5045396338- Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies
- Plant and animal studies
- Conservation, Biodiversity, and Resource Management
- Forest Management and Policy
- Plant Parasitism and Resistance
- Oil Palm Production and Sustainability
- Genetic diversity and population structure
- Land Use and Ecosystem Services
- Wildlife Ecology and Conservation
- Species Distribution and Climate Change
- Insect and Pesticide Research
- Insect and Arachnid Ecology and Behavior
- Forest Ecology and Biodiversity Studies
- Plant Water Relations and Carbon Dynamics
- Cocoa and Sweet Potato Agronomy
- Economic and Environmental Valuation
- Agriculture, Land Use, Rural Development
- Animal Ecology and Behavior Studies
- Forest ecology and management
- Biofuel production and bioconversion
- Forest Insect Ecology and Management
- Wildlife-Road Interactions and Conservation
- Coffee research and impacts
- Insect Utilization and Effects
- Agricultural Innovations and Practices
ETH Zurich
2016-2025
University of Edinburgh
2019-2023
Utrecht University
2017-2022
McGill University
2020
École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
2010-2018
Board of the Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology
2010-2011
Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network
2011
Imperial College London
1998-2008
University of London
2001
Natural History Museum
1996-1998
The diversity and abundance of wild insect pollinators have declined in many agricultural landscapes. Whether such declines reduce crop yields, or are mitigated by managed as honey bees, is unclear. We found universally positive associations fruit set with flower visitation insects 41 systems worldwide. In contrast, increased significantly bees only 14% the surveyed. Overall, pollinated crops more effectively; an increase enhanced twice much equivalent bee visitation. Visitation promoted...
"Landscape approaches" seek to provide tools and concepts for allocating managing land achieve social, economic, environmental objectives in areas where agriculture, mining, other productive uses compete with biodiversity goals. Here we synthesize the current consensus on landscape approaches. This is based published literature a consensus-building process define good practice validated by survey of practitioners. We find approach has been refined response increasing societal concerns about...
Significance Many of the world’s crops are pollinated by insects, and bees often assumed to be most important pollinators. To our knowledge, study is first quantitative evaluation relative contribution non-bee pollinators global pollinator-dependent crops. Across 39 studies we show that insects other than efficient providing 39% visits crop flowers. A shift in perspective from a bee-only focus needed for assessments pollinator biodiversity economic value pollination. These should also...
Human land use threatens global biodiversity and compromises multiple ecosystem functions critical to food production. Whether crop yield-related services can be maintained by a few dominant species or rely on high richness remains unclear. Using database from 89 studies (with 1475 locations), we partition the relative importance of richness, abundance, dominance for pollination; biological pest control; final yields in context ongoing land-use change. Pollinator enemy directly supported...
Rising global demands for food and biofuels are driving forest clearance in the tropics. Oil-palm expansion contributes to biodiversity declines carbon emissions Southeast Asia. However, magnitudes of these impacts remain largely unquantified until now. We produce a 250-m spatial resolution map closed canopy oil-palm plantations lowlands Peninsular Malaysia (2 million ha), Borneo (2.4 Sumatra (3.9 ha). demonstrate that 6% (or ≈880,000 ha) tropical peatlands region had been converted by early...
1 Multiple-species floral displays have been hypothesized to facilitate pollination by attracting a greater number and/or diversity of pollinators. Here I present experimental confirmation facilitation among coflowering plants that morphologically distinct flowers. 2 Pollinator visits Raphanus raphanistrum, self-incompatible herbaceous plant, increased when it occurred with one or combination Cirsium arvense, Hypericum perforatum and Solidago canadensis than alone. 3 Enhanced visitation R....
The installation of green roofs, defined here as rooftops with a shallow soil cover and extensive vegetation, has been proposed possible measure to mitigate the loss space caused by steady growth cities. However, effectiveness roofs in supporting arthropod communities, extent which they facilitate connectivity these communities within urban environment is currently largely unknown. We investigated variation species community composition (β diversity) four groups contrasting mobility...
Abstract The expansion of large‐scale oil palm plantations in Indonesia has taken a heavy toll on forests, biodiversity, and carbon stocks but little is known about the environmental impacts from smallholder sector. Here, we compare magnitude forest loss attributable to smallholdings, private enterprises, state‐owned Sumatra. During 2000–2010, development accounted for 4,744 ha mangrove, 383,518 peat swamp forest, 289, 406 lowland 1,000 lower montane forest. Much this deforestation was...
Abstract Mechanisms to reduce carbon emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD) have been gaining momentum as a way combat global warming, fund conservation, deliver economic benefits rural populations. However, the viability of REDD schemes will depend on profitability alternative land uses. Oil palm agriculture has become major driver tropical over last few decades. Here, we model compare converting oil versus conserving it for an project. We show that hectare production be...
1 The reproductive output of Shorea siamensis , a widespread dipterocarp tree, was assessed in relation to disturbance and tree density at three sites western Thailand during the 1996 1997 flowering seasons. locations were similar except history, which reflected decreasing from undisturbed via moderately disturbed sites. 2 Hand pollination experiments showed S. be partially self‐incompatible due differential pollen tube growth abortion inbred fruit. Although more than 90% flowers trees all...
Palm oil is the world's most important vegetable in terms of production quantity. Indonesia, largest palm-oil producer, plans to double its by 2020, with unclear implications for other national priorities food (rice) production, forest and biodiversity protection, carbon conservation. We modeled outcomes alternative development scenarios show that every single-priority scenario had substantial tradeoffs associated priorities. The exception was a hybrid approach wherein expansion targeted...
Abstract Voluntary sustainability standards and certification offer a promising mechanism to mitigate the severe negative impacts of agricultural expansion intensification on tropical biodiversity. From conservation standpoint, agroforestry crops, especially coffee cocoa, is particular interest given potentially high biodiversity value systems substantial market penetration cocoa in recent years. Here, we review experience with certification, summarize evidence impacts, explore future needs....
Crop productivity is improved by ecosystem services, including pollination, but this should be set in the context of trade-offs among multiple management practices. We investigated impact pollination services on coffee production, considering variation fertilization, irrigation, shade cover, and environmental variables such as rainfall (which stimulates flowering across all plantations), soil pH, nitrogen availability. After accounting for interventions, bee abundance production (number...