A5009153954- Plant and fungal interactions
- Plant Pathogens and Fungal Diseases
- Botanical Research and Chemistry
- Plant Toxicity and Pharmacological Properties
- Mycorrhizal Fungi and Plant Interactions
- Plant Taxonomy and Phylogenetics
- Turfgrass Adaptation and Management
- Yeasts and Rust Fungi Studies
- Fungal Biology and Applications
- Entomopathogenic Microorganisms in Pest Control
- Lichen and fungal ecology
- Botany and Plant Ecology Studies
- Nematode management and characterization studies
- Mollusks and Parasites Studies
- Plant Disease Resistance and Genetics
- Botany, Ecology, and Taxonomy Studies
- Insect symbiosis and bacterial influences
- Chemical synthesis and alkaloids
- Plant responses to elevated CO2
- Plant pathogens and resistance mechanisms
- Microbial Fuel Cells and Bioremediation
- Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics
- Insect Resistance and Genetics
- Fungal and yeast genetics research
- Plant Parasitism and Resistance
ETH Zurich
2013-2024
Board of the Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology
2015
University of Zurich
2006-2014
École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
1987-2005
Missouri Botanical Garden
2001
University of Kentucky
1994-2001
Indiana University Bloomington
1988-1993
The fungal family Clavicipitaceae includes plant symbionts and parasites that produce several psychoactive bioprotective alkaloids. grass in the epichloae clade (Epichloë Neotyphodium species), which are extraordinarily diverse both their host interactions alkaloid profiles. Epichloae alkaloids of four distinct classes, all deter insects, some—including infamous ergot alkaloids—have potent effects on mammals. exceptional chemotypic diversity may relate to broad range interactions, whereby...
Abstract Epichloë endophytes are fungal symbionts of grasses that span a continuum including asexual mutualists vertically transmitted, obligately sexual pathogens horizontally and mixed‐strategy with both mutualistic pathogenic capabilities. Here we show processes genome evolution differ markedly for the different symbiont types. Genetic phylogenetic analysis was conducted broad taxonomic, ecological geographical sample isolates, in which were identified sequenced alleles genes β‐tubulin (...
Abstract Seed-borne fungal symbionts (endophytes) provide many cool-season grass species with biological protection from biotic and abiotic stresses. The endophytes are asexual, whereas closely related sexual of genus Epichloë (Clavicipitales) cause choke disease. Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) is a host two endophyte taxa, LpTG-1 (L. perenne taxonomic grouping one = Acremonium lolii) LpTG-2, as well the pathogen, typhina (represented by isolate E8). Relationships among these fungi...
The epichloae (Epichloë and Neotyphodium species), a monophyletic group of fungi in the family Clavicipitaceae, are systemic symbionts cool-season grasses (Poaceae subfamily Poöideae). Most vertically transmitted seeds (endophytes), most produce alkaloids that attack nervous systems potential herbivores. These protective metabolites include ergot indole-diterpenes (tremorgens), which active vertebrate systems, lolines peramine, more specific against invertebrates. Several Epichloë species...
Mating tests among stroma-forming and nonstroma-forming strains of Epichloë from several fine fescue species, including Festuca rubra subsp. F. commutata, indicated a distinct mating population the hosts. Reciprocal matings these with E. typhina Dactylis glomerata, Lolium perenne Anthoxanthum odoratum, third Elymus spp. complete sexual incompatibility between members different populations. Two types, mat-1 mat-2, were identified shown to be segregating in exclusion ascospore progeny,...
Isozyme variation of 219 isolates Acremonium or Epichloe fungal endophytes from 17 host grass species was examined using starch gel electrophoresis. Ten enzyme systems selected for use out were variable, with three to nine distinct electromorphs per enzyme. Most produced a single band enzyme, consistent haploid fungus and isozyme locus. Double triple bands observed several enzymes in certain isolates, particularly those tall fescue. among 10 12 different hosts where multiple sampled (...)
Achnatherum inebrians, colloquially known as drunken horse grass, is associated with livestock toxicity in northern China. Epichloë gansuensis (Eg) was described from endophyte isolates A. inebrians Sunan County, Gansu Province, whereas a morphologically distinct variety, E. var. (Ei), based on two seeds collected Urumqi Xinjiang Province. Genome sequencing and alkaloid analyses also distinguish these taxa; the Ei produce neurotropic lysergic acid amides (ergot alkaloids), an Eg isolate...
Epichloe species are fungal symbionts (endophytes) of grasses, many which benign or mutual islic and have a balance horizontal (contagious) vertical (seed-borne) transmission, whereas others mainly transmit horizontally more antagonistic.Over the past eight years several been describe!based largely on biological concept.We conducted multi-gene phylogenetic analysis to evaluate these endophytes as phylogenet.cspecies, thereby assess relationship species.Variation in nitrons genes encoding...
Click to increase image sizeClick decrease sizeKey Words: woodland grassesendophyteAcremoniumEpichloëBalansieae
Fungi produce a plethora of secondary metabolites yet their biological significance is often little understood. Some compounds show well-known antibiotic properties, others may serve as volatile signals for the attraction insects that act vectors spores or gametes. Our investigations in an outcrossing, self-incompatible fungus fungus-produced compound with fungitoxic activities also responsible specific transfer We argue insect using this likely to have evolved from its primary function...
Click to increase image sizeClick decrease sizeKey Words: woodland grassesendophyteAcremoniumEpichloëBalansieae
AbstractWe describe two newly discovered fungi living on the adaxial leaf surface of plants belonging to Convolvulaceae, Ipomoea asarifolia and Turbina corymbosa. The apparently are epibionts because hyphae were never observed penetrate epidermal cells or stomata their respective host plants, most remarkably intimately associated with secretory glands surface. Hyphae structures resembling chlamydospores synnemata (but lacking conidia), formed by both fungal species phenotypically nearly...
Summary Interspecific hybrid endophytes of the genus Epichloë (Ascomycota, Clavicipitaceae) are prevalent in wild grass populations, possibly because their larger gene variation, resulting increased fitness benefits for host plants; however, reasons not yet known. We tested hypotheses regarding niche expansion mediated by endophytes, population‐dependent interactions and local co‐adaptation woodland Hordelymus europaeus , which naturally hosts both non‐hybrid endophyte taxa. Seedlings...
Mating tests among stroma-forming and nonstroma-forming strains of Epichloë from several fine fescue species, including Festuca rubra subsp. F. commutata, indicated a distinct mating population the hosts. Reciprocal matings these with E. typhina Dactylis glomerata, Lolium perenne Anthoxanthum odoratum, third Elymus spp. complete sexual incompatibility between members different populations. Two types, mat-1 mat-2, were identified shown to be segregating in exclusion ascospore progeny,...
Abstract Growth and water status in meadow fescue ( Festuca elatior L.; syn. F. pratensis Huds .) is affected by Neotyphodium Phialophora endophytes. Meadow rescue often infected with uncinatum (Gams, Petrini & Schmidt) Glenn, Bacon, Price Hanlin or cosymbiotically this a ‐like endophyte. In growth chamber experiment, we determined the influence of these endophytes on selected attributes plant one genotype fescue. Single plants clone M1 free (E‐) N. (N), like endophyte (P), both (NP)...
Cytospora spp. and associated teleomorphic species (Ascomycota, Diaporthales, Valsaceae) are among the most common widespread canker- dieback-causing fungi on trees, shrubs herbaceous plants worldwide. From specimens collected all over Iran a total of 114 isolates were morphologically identified, representing 20 Cytospora, one Leucostoma five Valsa from 38 plant species. Nine identified taxa new records for Iran, many hosts identified. The phylogenetic relationships Iranian strains, along...
The release of large quantities microorganisms to soil for purposes such as pest control or plant growth promotion may affect the indigenous microbial communities. In our study, we investigated potential effects Metarhizium brunneum ART2825 on fungi and prokaryota in bulk using high-throughput sequencing ribosomal markers. Different formulations this strain, combinations fungus with garlic efficacy-enhancing agent, were tested over 4 months a pot field experiment carried out biological...