<title>Abstract</title> Core needle biopsy is the gold standard procedure for sampling tissues pathology-based diagnostics. However, it produces significant tissue damage and may lead to undue pain risk of complications such as infections. Alternatives fine aspiration liquid have not yet achieved same widespread utility owing limited abundance cells relevant biomarkers in extracted sample. Here we introduce a novel shock-scattering micro-histotripsy-aided technology which uses cavitation...

Objective . Initial performance evaluation of a system for simultaneous high-resolution ultrasound imaging and focused mechanical submillimeter histotripsy ablation in rat brains. Impact Statement This study used novel combination an endoscopic form. would provide neurosurgeons with unprecedented accuracy targeting executing nonthermal ablations minimally invasive surgeries. Introduction Histotripsy is safe effective technique. However, neurosurgical applications, such as brain tumor...

A miniature, 10 mm aperture histotripsy transducer with an f-number of 0.7 was fabricated using elliptically shaped aluminum lens, which epoxy-bonded to air-backed 5.0 MHz, PTZ-5A, 1-3 dice-and-fill piezoelectric composite, and the lens coupled water a quarter-wavelength matching layer Parylene-C. Krimholtz-Leedom-Matthaei model device curved developed. The epoxy resulted in increased power output at 6.8 MHz compared 5 composite design. Cavitation observed by driving 173 V single-cycle,...

Two 5 mm by square aluminum lenses with a 6 depth of focus were machined and tested for histotripsy 40% volume fraction 1–3 PZT-5A composite Meggitt Pz-39 porous ceramics lapped to 315 <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> as the piezoelectric elements. The devices air-backed, an 89 layer Parylene-C was deposited on lens, matching water. Both driven...

This work describes the design, fabrication, and characterization of a 128-element crossed electrode array in miniature endoscopic form factor for real-time 3-D imaging. Crossed arrays address some key challenges surrounding probe fabrication ultrasound imaging by reducing number elements required (2N compared with N2). However, there remain practical packaging high-frequency into an factor. A process has been developed that uses thinly diced strip flex circuit to bring back-side connections...

A forward-looking miniature histotripsy transducer has been developed that incorporates an acoustic lens and dual-frequency stacked transducers. An is used to increase the peak negative pressure through focal gain transducers are designed by summing generated each individually. Four designs, with f -number of approximately 1, were evaluated in a PZT5A composite transducer. The finite-element model (FEM) predicted axial beamwidths 1.61, 2.40, 2.84, 2.36 mm for resin conventional, Fresnel,...

In this work, we have developed a small, handheld histotripsy transducer where the ablation focus is imaged in real-time using co-registered 45 MHz 64-element phased array endoscope. The construction of 2 cm diameter, 40% volume fraction, strongly curved, PZT5A composite capable generating cavitation within tissue outlined. imaging and tool was able to ablate 1 mm x 0.5 × below surface chinchilla brain single 5 second, kHz PRF, 10 cycle burst, without damage leading site. Total electrical...

A 5 mm × square histotripsy transducer was built using a ¼ wavelength matching-layer coated aluminum lens bonded to an air-backed 1-3 piezoelectric composite with 45% volume fraction of PZT5A and MHz resonance. With focal length the found have steady-state negative pressure trend 8.3 MPa/100 V at 6.5 -3 dB beam width ranging from 0.107 0.118 mm. Beam measured be 0.871 The addition series tuning element allowed increased power delivery transducer, sustained cavitation bubble cloud observed...

Three 5 MHz, 1-3 piezoelectric-epoxy composites with a volume fraction of approximately 40 percent were fabricated using the dice-and-fill technique. The composites, made from PZT-5A, single crystal PIN-PMN-PT, and CTS 3257HD, high-dielectric piezoelectric, cut to mm x mounted an aluminum lens same dimensions focus, focal pressure as function drive voltage was measured um needle hydrophone Precision Acoustics while driving transducer steady-state custom, in-house adjustable pulser peak 600...

Crossed electrode arrays address some the challenges associated with 3D ultrasound imaging because of significant reduction in number elements (2N vs. N <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ). However, creating a two-way focused image real-time is difficult these azimuth and elevation dimensions cannot be beamformed at same time. We have developed new approach that uses flexibility bias sensitive substrates to create...

Five piezoelectric ceramics were evaluated for use in miniature broadband histotripsy transducers. The materials tested PZT-5A, PZT-5H (CTS 3203HD), Pz39, Pz54 and PMN-38. 5 MHz, 1–3 dice fill piezo/epoxy composites fabricated all except which is a low acoustic impedance porous ceramic. Four air-backed transducers each material built by bonding the composite to an 8 mm machined aluminum lens with 7 focus depositing Parylene-C matching layer. performance of was measuring transducers'...

A 10 mm diameter annular array histotripsy transducer was fabricated and tested. The based on a PZ39 substrate bonded to focused aluminum lens with an f-number of 0.7. device produced much higher pressure (0.52 MPa/V) than the previously presented (0.29 MPa/V). addition laser cut 8-element allowed focus be steered over range 2 mm. This tested anesthetized rat produce approximately 3 long by 0.5 brain ablation. quickly period 80 ms. evaluated gelatin tissue phantom demonstrating potential...

Combined endoscopic imaging and therapeutic tools for minimally invasive procedures may lead to increased efficacy of the procedure reduced patient risk. Currently, our lab is investigating use histotripsy tissue ablation during ultrasound guided neurosurgery. In this work, we will present progress toward miniaturization transducer simultaneous, real-time in an form factor.

A 5 mm by 16-element histotripsy transducer was built and tested using a lens bonded to an air-backed 1-3 piezoelectric composite. The driven custom designed 16 channel pulse generator. Both aluminum methacrylate photopolymer (resin) designs were modelled COMSOL FEM model. resin 3D printed used fabricate array with focus that could be steered over greater area than the design. had peak negative pressure trend of 5.7 MPa/100 V. -3 dB focal length width 1.94 0.30 mm. sequence cycling through...

A new endoscope design was built and tested that incorporates a 1 MHz pump transducer for increased peak pressure capability, 30 imaging array in front designed to have minimal attenuation the 5 therapy transducer. Our novel combines three different frequency transducers stacked together without affecting device cross section. The thicknesses of piezo coupling layers were optimized using COMSOL FEM model maximize therapeutic pulse. This two designs. first used an off-the-shelf stack actuator...

In this work, we present the development of a low-cost, 10 mm diameter histotripsy transducer with co-registered imaging using 45 MHZ, 64-element phased array. The construction consisting 45% volume fraction composite, aluminum lens, and quarter-wavelength parylene matching layer is outlined. Steady-state peak-to-peak pressure ranges from 3.0 to 10.6 MPa as drive voltage 15 V 50 V. beam profile was measured hydrophone, where radial 3 dB width found be 0.176 while length in axial direction...

A new image acquisition scheme is presented that optimized for applications require channel-limited transducers such as IVUS. During acquisition, both the transmit and receive apertures are dynamically phase-encoded with a set of orthogonal (Hadamard) codes. The transducer's excitation data collection handled on single RF channel. Simulations using Field II software package showed an 18 dB improvement in SNR when compared to synthetic aperture technique which multiplexes elements into 30 MHz...

In this work, a 355 nm pulsed picosecond laser dicing system is used to cut 40 MHz 1-3 composite, an 11.6 circularly symmetric and create custom electrode fanouts element sub-dices for phased array. The kerfs the MHz, measuring 42 μm thick, were measured be 3.2 pillars 15.8 square. kt was found 0.43 under no bias 0.47 with DC bias. composite shows of 0.62 but contains spurious acoustic modes within operating band which could accounted in future by adjusting pillar spacing or changing epoxy...