Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system that causes motor, sensory, and cognitive deficits. The present study characterized demyelinated lesions in cerebral cortex MS patients. One hundred twelve cortical were identified 110 tissue blocks from 50 Three patterns demyelination identified: Type I contiguous with subcortical white matter lesions; II small, confined to cortex, often perivascular; III extended pial surface layer 3 or 4....

Abstract The amount of messenger RNA encoding human inducible nitric oxide synthase and the presence distribution NADPH diaphorase were determined in tissue sections from multiple sclerosis (MS) control brains. Levels markedly elevated MS brains when compared to normal activity, a histochemical stain reflecting catalytic was detected reactive astrocytes active demyelinating lesions at edge chronic lesions. Control did not contain diaphorase–positive astrocytes. These results implicate free...

Abstract Objective Inflammatory and demyelinating activity of activated resident macrophages (microglia) recruited blood‐borne are considered crucial in multiple sclerosis (MS) lesion development. The membrane glycoproteins CD200 CD47, highly expressed on neurons, mediators macrophage inhibition via their receptors CD200R signal‐regulatory protein α, respectively, myeloid cells. We determined the expression pattern immune inhibitory molecules relation to genes involved activation MS...

To identify potential molecular substrates for leukocyte trafficking and activation in multiple sclerosis (MS) brain, we determined the immunocytochemical distribution of beta, integrin lymphocyte-function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) its major ligands, intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1, ICAM-2, ICAM-3 MS tissue. Colocalization these molecules with lineage-specific markers was analyzed by dual-labeling immunocytochemistry confocal microscopy. ICAM-1 ICAM-2 were detected on endothelial...

Background and objective: Virtual reality (VR) simulators enrich surgical training offer possibilities outside of the operating room (OR). In this study, we created a criterion-based program on VR simulator with haptic feedback tested it by comparing performances group against control group.Material methods: Medical students no experience in laparoscopy were randomly assigned to or group. group, candidates trained until they reached predefined criteria LapSim® (Surgical Science AB, Göteborg,...

Abstract Purpose Previous studies on the effect of tumor location overall survival in glioblastoma have found conflicting results. Based statistical maps, we sought to explore a population-based cohort patients with and IDH wild-type astrocytoma WHO grade II–III radiological necrosis. Methods Patients were divided into three groups based survival: < 6 months, 6–24 > 24 months. Statistical maps exploring differences between these calculated from pre-treatment magnetic resonance imaging...

Background Placental volume measurements can potentially identify high-risk pregnancies. We aimed to develop and validate a new method for placental using tracked 2D ultrasound automatic image segmentation.

Purpose: The authors have studied the accuracy and robustness of a prototype electromagnetic window field generator (WFG) in an interventional radiology suite with robotic C-arm. overall purpose is development guidance systems combining real-time imaging tracking flexible instruments for bronchoscopy, laparoscopic ultrasound, endoluminal surgery, endovascular therapy, spinal surgery. Methods: WFG has torus shape, which facilitates x-ray through its centre. compared performance to that...

Within the field of ultrasound-guided procedures, there are a number methods for ultrasound probe calibration. While these usually developed specific probe, they in principle easily adapted to other probes. In practice, however, adaptation often proves tedious and this is impractical research setting, where new probes tested regularly. Therefore, we method which can be applied large variety without adaptation. The used robot arm move plastic sphere submerged water through image plane,...

Abstract Objective cognitive function in patients with glioblastoma may depend on tumor location. Less is known about the potential impact of location from patients’ perspective. This study aimed to investigate association between patient-reported and using voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping. Patient-reported was assessed European Organisation for Research Treatment (EORTC) QLQ-C30 subscale preoperatively 1 month postoperatively. Semi-automatic segmentations preoperative MRI images...

Traumatic axonal injury (TAI) is a common finding on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with moderate-severe traumatic brain (TBI), and the burden of TAI associated outcome this patient group. Lesion mapping offers way to combine findings from numerous individual into lesion maps where whole cohort can be assessed. The aim study was evaluate spatial distribution lesions different MRI sequences its associations use mapping. Included prospectively were 269 (8-70 years) moderate or...

Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is one of the most agonizing facial pain disorders that humans endure. Studies on onabotulinum toxin A (BTX-A) treatment for TN are limited, but promising with respect to no identifiable cause. We aimed investigate efficiency and safety BTX-A in a 60-year-old male diabetes mellitus who March 2013 presented caused by an exostosis Meckel's cave.The patient was medically refractory due insufficient relief adverse events hyperglycemia, surgery declined complex anatomy....

Background: A high level of psychomotor skills is required to perform minimally invasive surgery (MIS) safely. To be able measure these important in the assessment surgeons, as it enables constructive feedback during training. The aim this study was test validity an objective and automatic method using motion analysis a laparoscopic procedure on animal organ.Material methods: Experienced surgeons laparoscopy (experts) medical students (novices) performed cholecystectomy porcine liver box...

Abstract Introduction According to the stem cell theory, two neurogenic niches in adult human brain may harbor cells that initiate formation of gliomas: The larger subventricular zone (SVZ) and subgranular (SGZ) hippocampus. We wanted explore whether defining molecular markers low-grade gliomas (LGG; WHO grade II) are related distance niches. Methods Patients treated at Norwegian university hospitals with population-based referral were included. Eligible patients had histopathological...

The relative expression of large (L) and small (S) isoforms the myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) their glycosylation were compared in developing spinal cord quaking control mice. Using antisera specific for L- S-MAG, respectively, it was shown that S-MAG is principal isoform mice at all ages between 13 72 days, although L-MAG just detectable by western blotting early ages. Both have higher apparent molecular weights than controls. Experiments involving lectin binding glycosidase...

Electromagnetic guided bronchoscopy is a new field of research, essential for the development advanced investigation airways and lung tissue. Consecutive problem-based solutions refinements are urgent requisites to achieve improvements. For that purpose, our intention build complete research platform electromagnetic bronchoscopy. The experimental interventional tracking system in conjunction with C-arm cone beam CT unit presented this paper. animal model navigation performed well aims were...

Current image guidance systems for bronchoscopy are limited to the diagnosis of small tumors and placing fiducials radiation therapy surgery. Ideally, a navigation system should be useable range bronchoscopic procedures, including with concurrent radiology imaging control. As most rely on electromagnetic (EM) fields, it is advised leave C-arm mounted fluoroscopy unit outside operating field during navigation. We have assessed accuracy our research platform, containing an EM generator unit....

Although ultrasound has become an important imaging modality within several medical professions, the benefit of depends to some degree on skills person operating probe and interpreting image.For applications, possibility educate operators in a clinical setting is limited, use training simulators considered alternative approach for learning basic skills.To ensure quality simulator based training, it produce simulated images that resemble true sufficient degree.This article describes method...

Abstract Objective Sporadic fatal adverse events have been reported during treatment of multiple sclerosis with alemtuzumab. To provide a systematic overview, we searched the centralized European Medicines Agency database suspected reactions related to medicinal products (EudraVigilance) for associated alemtuzumab (Lemtrada®) sclerosis. Four independent reviewers expertise on MS, clinical immunology, infectious diseases and pharmacology reviewed reports, scored likelihood causality. Results...