A shoe insole pedometer, which consists of a piezoelectric energy harvester and 2 V organic pedometer circuit, has been developed as first step toward the application flexible large-area harvesting. pseudo-CMOS 14 bit counter records number steps up to 16383 using harvested power. To increase noise margin logic circuits, negative voltage is generated by an charge pump circuit applied inverters transmission gates in flip-flops counter. Schmitt trigger inverter used feed clean square pulses...

A 64-channel surface electromyogram (EMG) measurement sheet (SEMS) with 2 V organic transistors on a 1 μm-thick ultra-flexible polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) film is developed for prosthetic hand control. The EMG electrodes must satisfy the following three requirements; high mechanical flexibility, electrode density and signal integrity. To achieve integrity, distributed shared amplifier (DSA) architecture proposed, which enables an in-situ amplification of myoelectric fourfold increase in...

Large-bandwidth, low-operation-voltage, and uniform organic amplifiers are fabricated on ultrathin foils. By the integration of short-channel OTFTs AlOx capacitors, with a bandwidth 25 kHz realized, demonstrating highest gain-bandwidth product (GBWP) reported to date. Owing material process advancements, closed-loop architectures operate at frequencies several kilohertz an area smaller than 30 mm2. As service our authors readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by...

We present an adaptive technique for compensating manufacturing and environmental variability in subthreshold circuits using “canary flip-flop (FF),” which can predict timing errors. A 32-bit Kogge-Stone adder whose performance was controlled by body-biasing fabricated a 65-nm CMOS process. Measurement results show that the control compensate process, supply voltage, temperature variations improve energy efficiency of up to 46% compared worst-case design operation with guardbanding. also...

Scaling power supply voltages (V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DD</sub> 's) of logic circuits down to the sub/near-threshold region is a promising approach achieve significant reductions. Circuit delays in ultra-low voltage region, however, are extremely sensitive process, voltage, and temperature (PVT) variations, hence, large timing margins required for worst-case design. Since such reduce energy efficiency benefits lower V ,...

A fully integrated step-up dc-dc converter for energy harvesting applications is presented. minimum start-up voltage of 100 mV achieved by the mechanism based on an LC oscillator (LCO). Conventional converters with LCO-based provide a significantly low conversion efficiency around 1%. To overcome this drawback, following two circuit techniques are proposed in brief: 1) gate-boosted charge pump; and 2) LCO deactivation. The fabricated 65-nm silicon-on-thin-buried-oxide process. measurement...

A wet sensor, which detects the presence or absence of liquid, is an important tool for biomedical, nursing-care, and elderly-care applications such as detection blood in bandages, sweat underwear, urination diapers. sensor should be a thin, mechanically flexible, large-area, low-cost device with wireless power data transmission, because constant monitoring rigid wired placed on human skin annoying. Moreover, disposable from hygiene perspective. In order to meet these requirements, organic...

This paper presents a variation-tolerant quick-startup 39.25 MHz crystal oscillator and theoretical analysis of proposed chirp injector (CI) negative resistance booster (NRB) for the quick start up. A new minimum start-up time provides criterion evaluating in oscillators. The calculated at is 11.1 μs. Anew CI NRB clarifies validity universal optimum control method. It explains reason why reduce its variation. with exhibits startup 158 μs MHz. variation variations ±13% over supply voltage...

In this paper, energy and minimum operating voltage (V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DDmin</sub> ) are investigated for extremely-low-voltage CMOS logic designs. The dependences of V on device parameters, such as threshold voltage, subthreshold swing parameter, DIBL coefficient, examined based simulations measurements.

In this paper, the soft error rate (SER) induced by neutrons in 65-nm 10T static random access memory (SRAM) is measured over a wide range of supply voltages from 1.0 to 0.3 V. The results show that neutron-induced SER at V around eight times dependence multiple cell upsets (MCUs) on voltage and distance between well ties also investigated. MCU 0.5 small increases as reduced below This because effect another mechanism, such charge-sharing, becomes larger subthreshold region, rather than...

This brief presents an ultralow-power wake-up receiver using ultrasound for Internet of Things applications. To achieve both high sensitivity and low power consumption, we propose a Colpitts-oscillator-based super-regenerative (COSR). Owing to the simple architecture proposed COSR, lowest supply voltage operation 0.3 V smallest area are achieved. Furthermore, consumption is scalable determined by input signal data rate, which configurable user. In field test, wakeup consumes 1 μW, smaller...

In this paper, a table lookup-based computing technique is proposed to perform convolutional neural network (CNN) inference without multiplication, and its FPGA implementation demonstrated as proof-of-concept. Conventionally, the hardware specific dot product approximation (LDA) has been achieve energy-efficient CNN computations for edge AI applications. However, it not applied complicated tasks, such ImageNet image classification, because LDA degrades accuracy, especially in tasks....

This paper presents measurement results of alpha-particle-induced soft errors and multiple-cell upsets (MCUs) in 65-nm 10T SRAM with a wide range supply voltage from 1.0 to 0.3 V. We reveal that the soft-error rate (SER) at V is six times higher than MCU significantly increases subthreshold region. To investigate reason for increase, dependences on body-bias distance between well ties are examined, we conclude main cause increase not parasitic bipolar effect but another mechanism, such as...

In this paper, a closed-form expression for estimating minimum operating voltage (VDDmin) of CMOS logic gates is proposed. VDDmin defined as the supply at which circuits can operate correctly. combinational be written linear function square-root logarithm number and its slope proportional to standard deviation within-die variation in threshold difference between PMOS NMOS transistors. The proposed verified with Monte Carlo simulations using various gate chains. verification reveals that...

Wireless power transfer enables the frequent and ubiquitous charging of electronic devices. However, variation efficiency received with transmission distance is an outstanding issue. To solve problem degradation magnetic resonance at short distances, zero-phase-difference capacitance control (ZPDCC), which suitable for integration in large scale integrations (LSIs) proposed this paper. The ZPDCC achieves adaptive by a newly algorithm current-sensing circuit to variable capacitors fixed...

A surface electromyogram (EMG), which measures a voltage waveform produced by skeletal muscles on skin, is an important tool for applications detecting the human will of motion, such as prosthetic hands and legs. In application to hand, multipoint EMG measurement required precisely control hand [1, 2]. Conventional measurements with passive electrode array [1-3], however, have two problems: 1) Measurement over long time period annoying, because electrodes placed skin are rigid, 2) signal...

This study investigates the origin of low-frequency (LF) 1/ <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$f$ </tex-math></inline-formula> noise in Si n-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (n-MOSFETs) under cryogenic operation. The fluctuation drain current increased with decreasing temperature, exhibiting LF more than two orders magnitude higher at 2.5 K compared that 300 K. As...

This paper presents measurement results of alpha-particle-induced soft errors and multiple cell upsets (MCUs) in 65-nm 10 T SRAM with a wide range supply voltage from 1.0 V to 0.3 V. We reveal that the error rate (SER) at is eight times higher than SER V, ratio MCUs total increases as decreases. The body-biasing are also described. In addition, we investigate an impact manufacturing variability on immunity each memory cell. our measurement, distinct influence not observed even subthreshold region.

This paper presents an adaptive technique for compensating manufacturing and environmental variability in subthreshold circuits using ldquocanary Flip-Floprdquo that can predict timing errors. A 32-bit Kogge-Stone adder whose performance was controlled by body-biasing fabricated a 65 nm CMOS process. Measurement results show the control compensate PVT variations improve energy-efficiency of significantly compared to worst-case design operation with guardbanding.

We have demonstrated the operation of a CMOS inverter consisting Si tunnel FinFETs. Both p- and n-type FinFETs are successfully fabricated operated on same SOI wafer. The current mismatch between FETs is compensated by tuning number fin channels. Very low short-circuit clear voltage input–output characteristics obtained. thin epitaxial channel in effectively increases drain accordingly reduces capacitance, which could help high-performance FET operation.

Artificial intelligence (AI) chips draw much attention for cyberphysical systems since AI are promising to realize edge computing. We introduce the chip architecture that enables energy-efficient computing and design tools chips.

For the first time, we clarified low-frequency noise source of short-channel bulk MOSFETs at cryogenic temperature. We experimentally revealed that, with decreasing temperature, sources transition from inner-oxide traps to interface and then band-edge localized states that have energy levels within a few tenths meV conduction band-edge. This occurs because Fermi level shifts near band, resulting in charge responsible for being filled shallower contributing noise. Determining is critical step...

This study investigated changes in low-frequency noise sources associated with short-channel bulk metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) by analyzing random telegraph (RTN) from 300 K down to 3 K. The power spectral density (PSD) of the drain current, which exhibited RTN characteristics frequency domain, changed temperature. In addition, effect temperature on PSD was not monotonic such that peaks were generated at specific temperatures. A comparison between p-type and...

Abstract Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious viral caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that emerged at the end of 2019. SARS-CoV-2 can be transmitted through droplets, aerosols, and fomites. Disinfectants such as alcohol, quaternary ammonium salts, chlorine-releasing agents, including hypochlorous acid, are used to prevent spread infection. In present study, we investigated efficacy ionless acid water (HOCl) in suspension spraying...

This paper reports neutron-induced MCU (Multiple Cell Upset) measured in 0.4-V 65-nm 10T SRAM at two incident angles of 0 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">°</sup> and 60 . The measurement results show that the ratio number MCUs to is 1.13 operation, while neutrons radiated test chip was 50% spatial patterns indicate forward emission secondary ions plays an important role cause angular dependency operation. Furthermore, a...