The recently emerging three-dimensional (3D) displays in the electronic shops imitate depth illusion by overlapping two parallax 2D images through either polarized glasses that viewers are required to wear or lenticular lenses fixed directly on display. Holography, other hand, provides real 3D imaging, although usually limiting colors monochrome. so-called rainbow holograms--mounted, for example, credit cards--are also produced from change color with viewing angle. We report a holographic...

Inorganic polyphosphate (polyP), a polymer of hundreds phosphate (P i ) residues, accumulates in Escherichia coli response to stresses, including amino acid starvation. Here we show that the adenosine 5′-triphosphate–dependent protease Lon formed complex with polyP and degraded most ribosomal proteins, S2, L9, L13. Purified S2 also bound presence polyP. Thus, may promote protein degradation by protease, thereby supplying acids needed respond

We discuss image formation in phase-shifting digital holography by developing an analytical formulation based on the Fresnel-Kirchhoff diffraction theory. Image-plane position and imaging magnification are derived for general configurations which a spherical reference is employed. The influences of discrete sampling resulting interference patterns CCD numerical reconstruction qualities point images investigated. Dependence ratio minimum fringe spacing to pixel pitch numerically analyzed....

Bloom's syndrome (BS) and Werner's (WS) are genetic disorders in which an increased rate of chromosomal aberration is detected. The genes responsible for these diseases, BLM WRN, have been found to be homologs Escherichia coli recQ Saccharomyces cerevisiae SGS1 genes. Here we show that yeast Sgs1 helicase acts as a suppressor illegitimate recombination through homologous human WRN helicases can suppress the recombinations S. sgs1 mutant. results imply role control genomic stability cells....

A tightly focused femtosecond laser has been established as a unique tool for micronanostructure fabrication due to its intrinsic three-dimensional processing. In this letter, we utilize microlens array produce multiple spots parallel fabrication, giving rise revolutionary augmentation our previously developed single-beam two-photon photopolymerization technology [S. Kawata, H.-B. Sun, T. Tanaka, and K. Takada, Nature (London) 412, 697 (2001)]. Two- structures, such microletter set...

ABSTRACT Four strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (wild type, Δ pilHIJK mutant, lasI and rpoS mutant) were genetically tagged with the green fluorescent protein, development flow chamber-grown biofilms by each them was investigated confocal laser scanning microscopy. The structural developments quantified computer program COMSTAT (A. Heydorn, A. T. Nielsen, M. Hentzer, C. Sternberg, Givskov, B. K. Ersbøll, S. Molin, Microbiology 146:2395-2407, 2000). Two key variables, average thickness...

Summary The minimization of a genome is necessary to identify experimentally the minimal gene set that contains only those genes are essential and sufficient sustain functioning cell. Recent developments in genetic techniques have made it possible generate bacteria with markedly reduced genome. We developed simple system for formation markerless chromosomal deletions, constructed characterized series large‐scale deletion mutants Escherichia coli lack between 2.4 29.7% parental chromosome....

Digital holography with a three-wavelength laser and color CCD has been demonstrated. With the phase shifting of reference beam, in-line holograms for three wavelengths are recorded simultaneously derivation complex amplitude at each wavelength, then monochromatic images reconstructed combined into full-color in computer. Laser power variation can be compensated reconstruction process. We have compared by two algorithms using single Fourier transformation convolution other both experiments...

Bloom syndrome and Werner are genetic disorders in which an increased rate of chromosomal abnormality is observed. The genes responsible for these diseases, BLM WRN, have been cloned identified as homologs the Escherichia coli recQ genes. We studied effect mutations on illegitimate recombination, aberrant biological event related to humans, found that a variety spontaneous recombination by 20- 300-fold UV light-induced 10- 100-fold. Most lambda bio or pro transducing phages formed events at...

Nanocrystalline anatase titanium(IV) oxide (TiO2) particles were synthesized by hydrothermal crystallization in organic media (HyCOM) followed calcination at various temperatures up to 1273 K, and they characterized analysis of surface adsorption the substrates, as well X-ray diffraction (XRD) Brunauer−Emmet−Teller (BET) area measurements. These HyCOM TiO2 samples used for three kinds photocatalytic reactions: mineralization acetic acid (AcOH) aerated aqueous suspensions, dehydrogenation...

We propose a subwavelength imaging system without lens or mirror but with an array of metallic nanorods. The near-field components dipole sources were plasmonically transferred through the rod to reproduce source distribution in other side. calculated field at different planes process using finite-difference time-domain algorithm and found that spatial resolution was 40 nm given by size spacing. A typical configuration is hexagonal arrangement silver rods 50 height 20 diameter. also show...

ABSTRACT The marine bacterium Pseudoalteromonas sp. strain A28 was able to kill the diatom Skeletonema costatum NIES-324. culture supernatant of showed potent algicidal activity when it applied a paper disk placed on lawn S. condensed supernatant, which prepared by subjecting ultrafiltration with 10,000- M w -cutoff membrane, activity, suggesting that produced extracellular substances capable killing cells. then found have protease and DNase activities. Two mutants lacking designated NH1...

Summary Indole‐3–acetic acid ( IAA ), an auxin plant hormone, is biosynthesized from tryptophan. The indole‐3–pyruvic IP y A ) pathway, involving the tryptophan aminotransferase TAA 1 and YUCCA YUC enzymes, was recently found to be a major biosynthetic pathway in Arabidopsis. catalyzes conversion of , produces . Using chemical biology approach with maize coleoptiles, we identified 5–(4–chlorophenyl)‐4H‐1,2,4–triazole‐3–thiol (yucasin) as potent inhibitor biosynthesis ‐expressing coleoptile...

The subunits of topoisomerase IV (topo IV), the ParC and ParE proteins in Escherichia coli, were purified to near homogeneity from respective overproducers. They revealed type II activity only when they combined with each other. In presence Mg2+ ATP, topo was capable relaxing a negatively or positively supercoiled plasmid DNA converting knotted P4 phage DNA, whether nicked ligated, simple ring. However, supercoiling not detected. detectable GyrB GyrA proteins, respectively. This is...

N-octanoyl cyclopentylamide (C8-CPA) was found to moderately inhibit quorum sensing in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. To obtain more powerful inhibitors, a series of structural analogs C8-CPA were synthesized and examined for their ability P. The lasB-lacZ rhlA-lacZ reporter assays revealed that the chain length ring structure critical sensing. N-decanoyl (C10-CPA) be strongest inhibitor, its concentrations required half-maximal inhibition expression 80 90 microM, respectively. C10-CPA also...

Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf0-1 showed positive chemotactic responses toward 20 commonly-occurring l-amino acids. Genomic analysis revealed that P. possesses three genes (Pfl01_0124, Pfl01_0354, and Pfl01_4431) homologous to the aeruginosa PAO1 pctA gene, which has been identified as a chemotaxis sensory protein for amino When Pf01_4431, Pfl01_0124, Pfl01_0354 were introduced into pctB pctC triple mutant of PAO1, defective in acids, its transformants 18, 16, one acid, respectively. This result...

In order to examine the inhibitory activities of quinolones against topoisomerase IV, both subunits this enzyme, ParC and ParE, were purified from Escherichia coli. The specific activity IV decatenation was found be more than five times greater that relaxation. Thus, seems most relevant for use in studies drug inhibition enzyme. Although less sensitive DNA gyrase, 50% concentrations significantly lower those type I topoisomerases. Moreover, there a positive correlation between gyrase...

A new mutation, parC, causing abnormal chromosome segregation was identified in two thermosensitive mutants of Escherichia coli. The growth the corrected by pLC4-14 Clarke-Carbon collection. This plasmid carries a putative gene which can suppress cell division defect due to ftsI (pbpB) and has hence been termed sufI (sui). nearness parC metC confirmed, cotransduction frequency 59% with 20% glc. parC-sufI region analyzed subcloning pLC4-14. products were electrophoretically as proteins 75 55...

Quorum sensing is a regulatory system for controlling gene expression in response to increasing cell density. N-Acylhomoserine lactone (AHL) produced by gram-negative bacteria, which use it as quorum-sensing signal molecule. Serratia marcescens opportunistic pathogen responsible an number of serious nosocomial infections. S. AS-1 produces N-hexanoyl homoserine (C(6)-HSL) and N-(3-oxohexanoyl) regulates prodigiosin production, swarming motility, biofilm formation AHL-mediated quorum sensing....