The objective of this study was to investigate whether plant-bacteria interaction affects the secretion organic acids by both organisms and assess production IAA bacterium increases root exudates, if stress produced low available phosphorus (P) bacteria, roots, or exudates in presence bacterial cultures. With purpose, we used as a biological model poplar plants one strain Burkholderia multivorans able solubilize P. High performance liquid chromatography utilized measure acids. tests,...

Phosphate-solubilizing fungi (PSF) generally enhance available phosphorus (P) released from soil, which contributes to plants' P requirement, especially in P-limiting regions. In this study, two PSF, TalA-JX04 and AspN-JX16, were isolated the rhizosphere soil of moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) widely distributed P-deficient areas China identified as Talaromyces aurantiacus Aspergillus neoniger, respectively. The PSF cultured potato dextrose liquid medium with six types initial pH values...

Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) can potentially be used as an alternative strategy to control plant diseases. In this study, strain ST-TJ4 isolated from the rhizosphere soil of a healthy poplar was found have strong antifungal activity against 11 phytopathogenic fungi in agriculture and forestry. Strain identified Pseudomonas sp. based on 16S rRNA-encoding gene sequences. The bacterium produce siderophores, cellulase, protease, has genes involved synthesis phenazine,...

The use of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by microorganisms for the biological control plant diseases has attracted much attention in recent years. In this study, antifungal activity and identity VOCs Rahnella aquatilis JZ-GX1 isolated from rhizosphere soil pine were determined analyzed. effect on mycelial growth Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, pathogen Liriodendron chinense × tulipifera black spot, was a joined-petri dish fumigation method. An vitro leaf inoculation method used...

Pine wilt disease (PWD) caused by the pine wood nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, is one of most devastating diseases Pinus spp.The PWN was therefore listed as dangerous forest pests in China meriting quarantine.Virulence closely linked with spread PWD.However, main factors responsible for virulence PWNs are still unclear.Recently epiphytic bacteria carried have drawn much attention.But little known about relationship between endophytic and B. xylophilus.In this research, ten...

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by microorganisms are considered promising environmental-safety fumigants for controlling soil-borne diseases. Verticillium dahliae, a notorious fungal pathogen, causes economically important wilt diseases in agriculture and forestry industries. Here, we determined the antifungal activity of VOCs Trichoderma koningiopsis T2. The from T. T2 were trapped solid-phase microextraction (SPME) tentatively identified through gas chromatography-mass...

There are not enough nurses around the world, and there even fewer male nurses. It has been easy for men to become because of stereotypes about roles women in workplace, which lead prejudice discrimination. This study explored how self-esteem nursing students affects their professional identity an environment where social exist. also examined differences relevant variables different sociodemographic characteristics research subjects a Chinese context.By purposive snowball sampling, 464 were...

Walnut (Juglans regia L.) is an economically important woody nut and edible oil tree all over the world. However, walnut production limited by anthracnose, which a disastrous disease that causes significant yield losses. Studying etiology of anthracnose on pathogens' virulence sensitivities to fungicides would be beneficial for effective control. This study was conducted identify pathogen reveal population diversity pathogens through virulence, fungicides, genetic variation. A total 13...

Microbes in soil can degrade insoluble inorganic and organic phosphorus, which are components of the phosphorus cycle play an important role plant growth. Pinus massoniana is a pioneer tree species used for afforestation southern China grows poor, acidic soil. A shortage available limits growth Pmassoniana To alleviate this situation, it necessary to improve fertility. fungal strain (JP-NJ2) with ability solubilize phosphate was isolated from rhizosphere. The JP-NJ2 promote evaluated. It...

Abstract As important plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) fix nitrogen, dissolve potassium, promote growth, improve the soil micro-environment, and enhance fertility. A high-efficiency PSB strain from pine tree rhizosphere, Burkholderia multivorans WS-FJ9, was screened in our laboratory. In this study, using a Bio Screener fully automatic microbial growth curve meter to determine of WS-FJ9 phosphate-removing medium, mineral phosphate solubilization...

Salinity is one of the strongest abiotic factors in nature and has harmful effects on plants microorganisms. In recent years, degree soil salinization become an increasingly serious problem, use plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria option to improve stress resistance plants. present study, salt tolerance mechanism rhizosphere bacterium Rahnella aquatilis JZ-GX1 was investigated through scanning electron microscopy observations analysis growth characteristics, compatible solutes, ion...

Rhizosphere fungi have the beneficial functions of promoting plant growth and protecting plants from pests pathogens. In our preliminary study, rhizosphere fungus JP-NJ4 was obtained soil Pinus massoniana selected for further analyses to confirm its phosphate solubilization promotion. order comprehensively investigate function this strain, it is necessary ascertain taxonomic position. With help genealogical concordance phylogenetic species recognition (GCPSR) using five genes/regions (ITS,...

Verticillium dahliae is one of the most destructive fungal pathogens, causing substantial economic losses in agriculture and forestry. The use plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) an effective environmentally friendly strategy for controlling diseases caused by V. dahliae. In this study, 90 mm diameter Petri plates were used to test effect volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced different concentrations Pseudomonasaurantiaca ST-TJ4 cells suspension on mycelia radial growth biomass....

Bursaphelenchus xylophilus is the causative agent of pine wilt disease which has caused huge economic losses in many countries. It been reported that two forms wood nematodes existed its native region, i.e., with strong virulence and weak virulence. However, little known about molecular differences between forms. To better understand their variations, transcriptome genome sequences three strongly virulent one weakly strains were analyzed. We found 238 transcripts 84 exons showed notable...

The pine wood nematode (PWN) Bursaphelenchus xylophilus has caused serious damage to forests in China. Effectors secreted by phytonematodes play a role host infection. We identified and characterized an effector, BxSapB1, based on the B. transcriptome at early stages of infection transient expression proteins Nicotiana benthamiana. BxSapB1 triggered cell death N. benthamiana when into apoplast, this effect was independent brassinosteroid-insensitive 1–associated kinase 1 (NbBAK1) suppressor...

Green fluorescent protein (GFP), a renowned marker protein, is typically believed to be inert with respect affecting the physiology of bacteria it occurs in. We analyzed effects GFP-tagging on ability an endophytic diazotroph, Paenibacillus polymyxa P2b-2R, fix nitrogen and promote overall growth corn plants. The response amount fixed by P2b-2Rgfp-inoculated plants were compared uninoculated controls P2b-2R-inoculated at three harvests. P2b-2Rgfp inoculation significantly increased biomass...

Salt stress is one of the major abiotic stresses that affects plant growth and development. The use growth-promoting rhizobacteria to mitigcate salt damage in plants an important way promote crop under conditions. Rahnella aquatilis JZ-GX1 a rhizobacterial strain, but it not clear whether can improve tolerance plants, particular, role volatile substances unknown. We investigated effects organic compounds (VOCs) from on performance, osmotic substances, ionic balance antioxidant enzyme...

The plant-parasitic nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, the causal agent of pine wilt disease (PWD), causes enormous economic loss every year. Currently, little is known about pathogenic mechanisms PWD. Several effectors have been identified in B. but their functions and host targets yet to be elucidated. Here, we demonstrated that BxSCD1 suppresses cell death inhibits xylophilus PAMP BxCDP1-triggered immunity Nicotiana benthamiana Pinus thunbergii. was transcriptionally upregulated early...

Lipase is involved in lipid hydrolysis, which related to nematodes' energy reserves and stress resistance. However, the role of lipases Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, a notorious plant-parasitic nematode responsible for severe damage pine forest ecosystems, remains largely obscure. Here, we characterized class III lipase as candidate effector named it BxLip-3. It was transcriptionally up-regulated parasitic stages B. xylophilus specifically expressed oesophageal gland cells intestine. In...