The authors of this book present information on the costs and consequences urban sprawl economy United States. Chapter headings are listed as follows in table contents: 1. Introduction; 2. Sprawl its Definition; 3. Measuring States; 4. Land Natural Resources Consequences Sprawl; 5. Infrastructure Consequences; 6. Real Estate Development Costs; 7. Fiscal Impact Development; 8. Travel Congestion; 9. Quality-of-Life 10. Sprawl, Urban Decline, Social Policy; 11. Benefits 12. Developing Policies...

Plasma lipids, dietary intake, and self-reported stress workload were assessed in 14 employees twice before major work deadlines (high workload), once during a comparatively quiescent period of (low workload). Increases between the high low periods significantly positively associated with increases plasma total cholesterol, although lipid levels not increased group as whole periods. Dietary intake calories, fat, percentage calories from fat higher is elevated cholesterol that foods which...

The authors examined the factor structure and discriminant validity of Wender Utah Rating Scale (WURS) in adults seeking evaluation for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Three factors (Dysthymia, Oppositional/Defiant Behavior, School Problems) accounted 59.4% variance. In a stepwise function analysis, age childhood school problems emerged as significant variables. classification procedure correctly classified 64.5% patients. Among those who did not have ADHD, only 57.5% were...

Abstract Background Previous studies show some patients with functional gastrointestinal disorders (disorders of gut‐brain interaction) may be at risk for or already have an eating disorder (ED). Avoidant/restrictive food intake (ARFID) (ED not primarily motivated by body shape/weight concerns) particularly relevant but previous been unable to fully apply diagnostic criteria. This study aimed determine the frequency and nature full spectrum ED symptoms, among adults interaction. Methods...

The beFIT study tested whether teaching the NCEP step II diet (<30% of calories from total fat and <7% saturated fat) is an effective therapy in hypercholesterolemic women men with or without elevated triglycerides after 6 months. Hypercholesterolemic subjects had two LDL cholesterol measurements above age- sex-specific 75th percentile, combined hyperlipidemic additionally similarly triglyceride. Subjects were randomized to receive dietary intervention (eight weekly classes)...

Social support is inversely associated with heart disease risk. Support may influence by encouraging health behavior change in high-risk individuals. This study examined the association between spouse and maintenance of low-fat diets men hypercholesterolemia. Participants were 254 enrolled a 24-month randomized trial lipid-lowering initiated 1985 Seattle, Washington. The Evaluation Spouse Support, which assesses extent to spouses supported diets, was administered after last eight dietary...

Restriction of all dietary fat is a popular strategy for restricting saturated intake to lower LDL cholesterol. Some authorities advise the restriction extreme less than 10% daily energy on assumption that more better. The two studies described herein address questions relating whether increasing produces proportionally benefit cardiovascular risk factors in hyperlipidemic subjects. first study Dietary Alternatives Study (DAS). DAS was conducted 531 male Boeing employees over 2-year period....

Problem: The Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (ISTEA) gave metropolitan planning organizations (MPOs) the opportunity to spend federal funds on pedestrian and bicycle facilities. Their responses vary dramatically, however, contributing significant differences in quality walking bicycling environment across regions. Purpose: purpose this article is identify factors that explain spending for projects MPOs. In addition, we consider whether support has led increased...

Abstract —We previously reported that high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) decreases more in hypercholesterolemic (HC) women than HC men ingesting an National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Step II diet for 6 months. We examined these subjects to determine whether the differential HDL-C reduction persists after 12 months and it is associated with decreased HDL 2 -C apoprotein A-I. Subjects were screened from industrial workforce defined as if low measurements ≥75th percentile...

A growing number of adults are seeking evaluation for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Screening substance use disorders should be included as part any comprehensive ADHD evaluation. We describe the validity and reliability Drug Abuse Test (DAST) Alcohol Use Disorders Identification (AUDIT) in ADHD. Internal estimates were excellent both instruments. Scores on DAST AUDIT higher among patients with a DSM-IV diagnosis current drug abuse or dependence alcohol dependence,...

This study examined whether psychological stress and the infusion of epinephrine increase plasma lipid apoprotein concentrations in normolipidemic hyperlipidemic men. Subjects were studied during three separate 6-hour laboratory sessions: a control session, which subjects rested quietly while blood samples hemodynamic measurements obtained; presented with two challenging mental tasks, followed by quiet rest; an received low-dose rest. The manipulations produced expected changes...