A5016215118- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Influenza Virus Research Studies
- Respiratory viral infections research
- SARS-CoV-2 detection and testing
- COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- Animal Disease Management and Epidemiology
- Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
- Viral Infections and Vectors
- Viral Infections and Immunology Research
- Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
- Animal Virus Infections Studies
- Biosensors and Analytical Detection
- Data-Driven Disease Surveillance
- Immune Response and Inflammation
- COVID-19 diagnosis using AI
- RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms
- Viral Infections and Outbreaks Research
- Bacterial Infections and Vaccines
- Hepatitis B Virus Studies
- interferon and immune responses
- Infectious Encephalopathies and Encephalitis
- vaccines and immunoinformatics approaches
- Travel-related health issues
- Ethics and Legal Issues in Pediatric Healthcare
Norwegian Institute of Public Health
2015-2025
National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge
2017
Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research
2017
Oslo University Hospital
2017
Statens Serum Institut
2005-2015
University of Bergen
2004
In late November 2021, an outbreak of Omicron SARS-CoV-2 following a Christmas party with 117 attendees was detected in Oslo, Norway. We observed attack rate 74% and most cases developed symptoms. As at 13 December, none have been hospitalised. Most participants were 30–50 years old. Ninety-six percent them fully vaccinated. These findings corroborate reports that the variant may be more transmissible, vaccination less effective preventing infection compared Delta.
We included 39,524 COVID-19 Omicron and 51,481 Delta cases reported in Norway from December 2021 to January 2022. estimated a 73% reduced risk of hospitalisation (adjusted hazard ratio: 0.27; 95% confidence interval: 0.20-0.36) for compared with Delta. Compared unvaccinated groups, who had completed primary two-dose vaccination 7-179 days before diagnosis lower than (66% vs 93%). People vaccinated three doses similar reduction (86% 88%).
An intense debate on school closures to control the COVID-19 pandemic is ongoing in Europe. We prospectively examined transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from confirmed paediatric cases Norwegian primary schools between August and November 2020. All in-school contacts were systematically tested twice during their quarantine period. With preventive measures implemented schools, we found minimal child-to-child (0.9%, 2/234) child-to-adult (1.7%, 1/58) transmission, supporting that under 14 year olds...
Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68), phylogenetic clade B was identified in nasopharyngeal specimens of two cases severe acute flaccid myelitis. The were six and five years-old occurred September November 2014. EV-D68 is increasingly associated with myelitis children, most being reported the United States. Awareness this possible neurological complication enterovirus infection needed.
Some variants of SARS-CoV-2 are associated with increased transmissibility, disease severity or decreased vaccine effectiveness (VE). In this population-based cohort study (n = 4,204,859), the Delta variant was identified in 5,430 (0.13%) individuals, whom 84 were admitted to hospital. VE against laboratory confirmed infection 22.4% among partly vaccinated (95% confidence interval (CI): 17.0−27.4) and 64.6% CI: 60.6−68.2) fully compared 54.5% 50.4−58.3) 84.4% (95%CI: 81.8−86.5) Alpha variant.
Rapid antigen tests (RATs) may be included in national strategies for handling the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, as they provide test results rapidly, are easily performed outside laboratories, and enable immediate contract tracing. However, before implementation further clinical evaluation of sensitivity is warranted.
Knowledge about the complete genome constellation of seasonal influenza A viruses from different countries is valuable for monitoring and understanding evolution migration strains. Few sequences Europe are publicly available at present time there have been few longitudinal studies human viruses. We studied circulating H3N2, H1N1 H1N2 1999 to 2006, we analysed 234 Danish characterised 24 genomes.H3N2 was prevalent strain in Denmark during study period, but dominated 2000-2001 season. were...
The neuraminidase (NA) inhibitor oseltamivir offers an important immediate option for the control of influenza, and its clinical use has increased substantially during recent H1N1 pandemic. In view high prevalence oseltamivir-resistant seasonal influenza viruses in 2007–2008, there is urgent need to characterize transmissibility fitness H1N1/2009 viruses, although resistant variants have been isolated at a low rate. Here we studied closely matched pair pandemic isolates, one...
An unexpectedly high proportion of children were admitted for severe respiratory infections at the Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Norway, during September and October, 2014. In light ongoing outbreak enterovirus-D68 (EV-D68) in North America a real-time RT-PCR screening enterovirus D68 was established.We developed duplex rapid D68. The method target 5' non-translated region (NTR) HEV genome location generally used detection.Nasopharyngeal samples (n = 354), from <15 years age, received...
Since their emergence, SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOC) B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 have spread worldwide. We estimated the risk hospitalisation admission to an intensive care unit (ICU) for infections with in Norway, compared non-VOC.Using linked individual-level data from national registries, we conducted a cohort study on laboratory-confirmed cases Norway diagnosed between 28 December 2020 2 May 2021. Variants were identified based whole genome sequencing, partial sequencing by Sanger or PCR...
Abstract Background Non-pharmaceutical interventions implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in a marked reduction influenza infections globally. The absence of has raised concerns waning immunity, and potentially more severe seasons after pandemic. Methods To evaluate immunity towards post-COVID-19 we have assessed A epidemics Norway from October 2016 to June 2023 measured antibodies against circulating strains A(H1N1)pdm09 A(H3N2) different age groups by hemagglutination...
Abstract Background Since 2005 highly pathogenic (HP) avian influenza A H5N1 viruses have spread from Asia to Africa and Europe infecting poultry, humans wild birds. HP virus was isolated in Denmark for the first time March 2006. total of 44 birds were found positive infection. In addition, one case reported a backyard poultry flock. Results Full-genome characterisation nine isolates revealed that Danish similar German all genes same period. The haemagglutinin gene grouped phylogenetically...
Background In mid-March 2020, a range of public health and social measures (PHSM) against the then new coronavirus disease (COVID-19) were implemented in Denmark, Norway Sweden. Aim We analysed development influenza cases during implementation PHSM SARS-CoV-2 Scandinavian countries. Method Based on established national laboratory surveillance influenza, we compared number human weeks immediately before after by country. The 2019/20 season was with five previous seasons. Results A dramatic...
To estimate the risk of hospitalization among reported cases Delta variant severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) compared with Alpha in Norway, and by vaccination status.A cohort study was conducted on laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 diagnosed between 3 May 15 August 2021. Adjusted ratios (aRR) 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using multi-variable log-binomial regression, accounting for variant, status, demographic characteristics, week sampling underlying...
We estimated the BNT162b2 vaccine effectiveness (VE) against any (symptomatic or not) SARS-CoV-2 Delta and Omicron infection among adolescents (aged 12-17 years) in Norway from August 2021 to January 2022.We used Cox proportional hazard models, where status was included as a time-varying covariate models were adjusted for age, sex, comorbidities, residence county, birth country, living conditions.The VE peaked at 68% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 64-71%) 62% CI: 57-66%) days 21-48 after...
Abstract Background SARS-CoV-2 reinfection rates have been shown to vary depending on the circulating variant, vaccination status and background immunity, as well time interval used identify reinfections. This study describes frequency of reinfections in Norway using different intervals assesses potential factors that could impact risk during variant waves. Methods We linked individual-level data from national registries conduct a retrospective cohort including all cases with positive test...
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Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses predominated in the European influenza 2015/16 season. Most analysed clustered a new genetic subclade 6B.1, antigenically similar to northern hemisphere vaccine component A/California/7/2009. The predominant B lineage was Victoria compared with Yamagata previous It remains be evaluated at end of season if these changes affected effectiveness for
Abstract Background COVID-19 vaccination was recommended for adolescents in Norway since August 2021. In this population-based cohort study, we estimated the BNT162b2 vaccine effectiveness against any PCR-confirmed (symptomatic or not) SARS-CoV-2 infections caused by Delta and Omicron variant among (12-17-years-old) from 2021 to January 2022. Methods Using Cox proportional hazard models, infections. Vaccine status included as a time-varying covariate models were adjusted age, sex,...
During the COVID-19 pandemic, wastewater-based surveillance gained great international interest as an additional tool to monitor SARS-CoV-2. In autumn 2021, Norwegian Institute of Public Health decided pilot a national wastewater (WWS) system for SARS-CoV-2 and its variants between June 2022 March 2023. We evaluated assess if it met objectives attribute-based performance.We adapted available guidelines evaluation systems. The was carried out descriptive analysis consisted following three...
The influenza A virus subtypes H1N1, H1N2 and H3N2 are the most prevalent in swine. In 2003, a reassorted swine (SIV) subtype appeared became Denmark. present study, reassortant was characterised genetically infection dynamics compared to an "avian-like" H1N1 by experimental study.Sequence analyses were performed of virus. Two groups pigs inoculated with virus, respectively, followed inoculation opposite four weeks later. Measurements HI antibodies acute phase proteins performed. Nasal...
The epidemiology of seasonal influenza is influenced by age. During the season, European Influenza Surveillance Network (EISN) reports weekly virological and syndromic surveillance data [mostly influenza-like illness (ILI)] based on national networks sentinel primary-care providers. Aggregated numbers age group are available for ILI, but not linked to data. At end season 2012/2013, all EISN laboratories were invited submit a subset their this including information analysis suggests that...
New immune evasive variants of SARS-CoV-2 continue to emerge, potentially causing new waves covid-19 disease. Here, we evaluate levels neutralizing antibodies against isolates Omicron variants, including BQ.1.1 and XBB, in sera harvested 3-4 weeks after vaccination or breakthrough infections. In addition, 32 from October 2022, immunity Norwegian donors prior the winter season. Most serum samples 2022 had low especially explaining why these their descendants have dominated Norway during 2023
The threat posed by the 2009 pandemic H1N1 virus emphasized need for new influenza A vaccines inducing a broad cross-protective immune response use in both humans and pigs. An effective vaccine pigs would greatly benefit pork industry contribute to public health diminishing risk of emerging highly pathogenic reassortants. Current inactivated protein against swine produce only short-lived immunity have no efficacy heterologous strains. DNA are potential alternative with advantages such as...
Abstract The emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 virus led to a global pandemic, prompting extensive research efforts understand its molecular biology, transmission dynamics, and pathogenesis. Recombination events have been increasingly recognized as significant contributor virus’s diversity evolution, potentially leading novel strains with altered biological properties. Indeed, recombinant lineages such XBB variant descendants subsequently dominated globally. Therefore, continued surveillance...