We measure the persuasive effects of slanted news and tastes for like-minded news, exploiting cable channel positions as exogenous shifters viewership. Channel do not correlate with demographics that predict viewership voting, nor local satellite estimate Fox News increases Republican vote shares by 0.3 points among viewers induced into watching 2.5 additional minutes per week variation in position. then a model voters who select whose ideologies evolve result. use to assess growth over time...

The level of journalistic resources dedicated to coverage local politics is in a long-term decline the US news media, with readership shifting national outlets. We investigate whether this trend demand- or supply-driven, exploiting recent wave television station acquisitions by conglomerate owner. Using extensive data on programming and viewership, we find that ownership change led (1) substantial increases at expense politics, (2) significant rightward shift ideological slant coverage, (3)...

Despite the rapid growth of online political advertising, vast majority scholarship on advertising relies exclusively evidence from candidates’ television advertisements. The relatively low cost creating and deploying advertisements ability to target more precisely may broaden set candidates who advertise allow craft messages narrow audiences than television. Drawing data newly released Facebook Ad Library API Wesleyan Media Project, we find that a much broader advertises television,...

Abstract Political preferences in the United States are highly correlated with population density, at national, state, and metropolitan-area scales. Using new data from voter registration records, we assess extent to which this pattern can be explained by geographic mobility. We find that revealed of voters who move one residence another correlate partisan affiliation, though appear sorting on non-political neighborhood attributes covary rather than explicitly seeking politically congruent...

Objective While transmission of drug-resistant HIV-1 has been reported, estimates prevalence resistance in drug-naïve populations are incomplete. We investigated the genotypic mutations and phenotypic antiretroviral a cohort infected U.S. military personnel prior to institution therapy. Design Cross-sectional study. Methods Plasma was obtained from 114 recently subjects enrolled an epidemiological Genotypic determined by consensus sequencing PCR product pol gene. Sequences were interpreted...

In 2003, 44 U.S. Marines were evacuated from Liberia with either confirmed or presumed Plasmodium falciparum malaria. An outbreak investigation showed that only 19 (45%) used insect repellent, 5 (12%) permethrin-treated clothing, and none bed netting. Adherence weekly mefloquine (MQ) was reported by 23 (55%). However, 4 (10%) had serum MQ levels high enough to correlate protection (> 794 ng/mL), 9 (22%) evidence of steady-state kinetics (MQ carboxy metabolite/MQ > 3.79). Tablets collected...

Abstract How does news about the economy influence voting decisions? We isolate effect of information environment from change in underlying economic conditions themselves by taking advantage left‐digit bias. show that unemployment figures crossing a round‐number “milestone” cause discontinuous increase amount media coverage devoted to conditions, and we use this discontinuity estimate attention on voting, holding constant actual ground. Milestone effects incumbent U.S. governor vote shares...

Abstract We propose a model of political competition not over policy programs, but ideologies: models the world that organize voters' experiences and guide inferences they draw from observed outcomes. Policy‐motivated parties develop ideologies, voters choose ideology best explains their observations. Preferences policies are then induced by adopted ideology. Parties thus care about winning ideological battle as it confers an advantage in electoral arena. show equilibrium always different...

On October 15, 2001, a U.S. Senate staff member opened an envelope containing Bacillus anthracis spores. Chemoprophylaxis was promptly initiated and nasal swabs obtained for all persons in the immediate area. An epidemiologic investigation conducted to define exposure areas identify who should receive prolonged chemoprophylaxis, based on their risk. Persons immediately exposed B. spores were interviewed; records reviewed additional this with positive had repeat serial serologic evaluation...

<h3>Background</h3> Neonatal hemochromatosis (NH), a rare disorder seen in newborns, is defined as liver failure with extrahepatic iron deposition that spares the reticuloendothelial elements. This considered pathologic end point of variety diseases result prenatal failure, and mortality without aggressive treatment common. However, ready diagnosis remains problem. A biopsy specimen showing siderosis not specific for may be risky patients coagulopathy. <h3>Objective</h3> To describe safe...

It is often said that the only constant change itself. As time passes, population grows, new technologies are invented, and skills, demographics, norms of populace evolve. These changes, whether in isolation or aggregate, influence effectiveness policy. In particular, policies designed for today's world unlikely to provide a perfect fit tomorrow. We develop notion policy decay captures this impact formally. introduce into paradigmatic model legislative policymaking show it leads starkly...

Abstract A large outbreak of acute gastroenteritis occurred over a 5‐week period aboard an aircraft carrier. The estimated cumulative attack rate was 13% among the 4,500‐man crew. Eight percent crew sought medical attention, nearly all whom missed 1 day or more work. risk developing illness 2 to 3 times greater for individuals living in crowded sleeping quarters ( &gt;50 persons per compartment). Occurrence associated with fourfold rise Norwalk virus antibody levels, as measured by...

The October 2001 anthrax attacks heralded a new era of bioterrorism threat in the U.S. At time, little systematic data on mental health effects were available to guide authorities' response. For this study, which was conducted 7 months after attacks, structured diagnostic interviews with 137 Capitol Hill staff workers, including 56 who had been directly exposed areas independently determined have contaminated. Postdisaster psychopathology associated exposure; those positive nasal swab tests,...

Background: Acute diarrheal illness during deployment causes significant morbidity and loss of duty days. Effective timely treatment is needed to reduce individual, unit, health system performance impacts. Methods: This critical appraisal the literature, as part development expert consensus guidelines, asked several key questions related self-care healthcare-seeking behavior, antibiotics for self-treatment travelers' diarrhea, what antibiotics/regimens should be considered acute watery...

Abstract How does competition from online platforms affect the organization, performance, and editorial choices of newspapers? What are implications these changes for information voters exposed to their political choices? We study questions using staggered introduction Craigslist (CL)—the world’s largest platform classified advertising—across U.S. counties between 1995 2009. This setting allows us separate effect advertising other brought about by Internet, compare newspapers that relied...

Bioterrorism-related anthrax exposures occurred at the US Capitol in 2001. Exposed individuals received antibiotics and vaccine adsorbed immunization.A prospective longitudinal study of 124 subjects--stratified on basis spore exposure, nasopharyngeal culture results, immunization status from inside outside an epidemiologically defined exposure zone--was performed to describe clinical outcome immune responses after Bacillus anthracis exposure. Antibody cell-mediated (CMI) protective antigen...

Travelers' diarrhea (TD) is the most common ailment affecting travelers, including deployed U.S. military. Continuing Promise 2011 was a 5-month humanitarian assistance/disaster response (HA/DR) military and non-governmental organization training mission aboard hospital ship USNS Comfort, which to Central South America Caribbean between April September 2011. Enhanced TD surveillance undertaken during this for public health purposes. Passive (clinic visits), active (self-reported...

Intellectual Property (IP) reuse is one of the most promising techniques addressing design complexity problem. IP assumes that pre-designed components can be integrated into under development, thereby reducing and time. On other hand, as number providers increases, selection best block for a given becomes more challenging time-consuming. In this paper, we present an component matching system targeting automatic searching across Internet. The based on Extensible Markup Language (XML)...

Planting sod or laying Astroturf? Edward T. Walker's new book investigates whether professional consultants who organize grassroots campaigns on behalf of paying clients are rightfully conceived as gardeners, carefully tending organic growth into desirable forms, manufacturers producing an ersatz substitute from artificial materials. While he describes a number colorful instances the latter—such Citizens for Fire Safety, supposedly independent group concerned citizens revealed by Chicago...

Advertising expenditures in congressional campaigns are made not directly by themselves but indirectly though intermediary firms. Using a new dataset of revenues and costs these firms, we study the markups that firms charge candidates. We find higher for inexperienced candidates relative to experienced candidates, PACs also significant differences across major parties: working Republicans prices, exert less effort, induce responsiveness their clients’ advertising electoral circumstances than...