A5015296099- Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections
- Bacterial Infections and Vaccines
- Respiratory viral infections research
- Influenza Virus Research Studies
- Immunodeficiency and Autoimmune Disorders
- Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia detection and treatment
- Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies Research
- Bacillus and Francisella bacterial research
- Abdominal Trauma and Injuries
- Public Health Policies and Education
- Viral Infections and Outbreaks Research
- Streptococcal Infections and Treatments
- Disaster Management and Resilience
- Poxvirus research and outbreaks
- Evacuation and Crowd Dynamics
- Microbial Inactivation Methods
- Disaster Response and Management
- Blood groups and transfusion
- Microbial Metabolic Engineering and Bioproduction
- Hepatitis Viruses Studies and Epidemiology
- Pleural and Pulmonary Diseases
- Gallbladder and Bile Duct Disorders
- interferon and immune responses
- Advancements in Transdermal Drug Delivery
- Bacterial Genetics and Biotechnology
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
2009-2021
Office of Readiness and Response
2019-2021
Office of Science
2016-2021
Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services
2016-2020
AID Atlanta
2020
United States Public Health Service
2019
Henry M. Jackson Foundation
2018
Naval Health Research Center
2018
National Center for HIV/AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD and TB Prevention
2018
National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases
2007-2016
Host protection against pneumococcal disease i primarily mediated by phagocytosis. We developed and standardized an opsonophagocytic assay using HL-60 cells (human promyelocytic leukemia cells). Fifty-five serum samples were analyzed for the presence of functional antibody seven serogroups or serotypes (4, 6B, 9V, 14, 18C, 19F, 23F) differentiated (granulocytes) peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs). Six 55 from unvaccinated adult volunteers, 31 adults who received one dose 14-valent 23-valent...
The pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine is recommended as a means of preventing invasive disease in the elderly. We compared responses to 23-valent 46 previously unvaccinated, healthy, institutionalized elderly persons (mean age, 85.5 years) with those 12 healthy younger adults 37 by measuring prevaccination and postvaccination serum IgG antibody concentrations (by ELISA), functional activity opsonophagocytosis), avidity, passive protection mice. Postvaccination for two serotypes (6B 19F)...
Abstract The bioterrorism-associated human anthrax epidemic in the fall of 2001 highlighted need for a sensitive, reproducible, and specific laboratory test confirmatory diagnosis anthrax. Centers Disease Control Prevention developed, optimized, rapidly qualified an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies to Bacillus anthracis protective antigen (PA) serum. ELISA had minimum detection limit 0.06 µg/mL, reliable lower 0.09 quantification undiluted serum...
ABSTRACT Streptococcus pneumoniae undergoes spontaneous phase variation between a transparent and an opaque colony phenotype, the latter being more virulent in murine model of sepsis. Opaque pneumococci have previously been shown to express lower amounts C polysaccharide (cell wall teichoic acid) this study were higher content capsular by immunoelectron microscopy. This report then examined relationship expression these two cell surface carbohydrate structures their relative contribution...
ABSTRACT Lot 89SF has been the reference standard serum pool used in pneumococcal enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) since 1990. In 2005, it was estimated that there remained between 2 and 5 years' supply of lot 89SF. Since evaluation seven-valent conjugate vaccine Prevnar (PCV7), link to clinical efficacy would be severed if stocks became completely depleted. Furthermore, demonstration immune responses comparable those elicited by PCV7 is a licensure approach for new vaccines, so...
Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine is given after emergency splenectomy for trauma to lessen the risk of overwhelming postsplenectomy sepsis. This study was undertaken determine optimal timing administration as determined by serum type-specific antibody concentration titer and functional activity resulting antibodies.Fifty-nine consecutive patients undergoing were randomized receive pneumococcal postoperatively at 1, 7, or 14 days. Immunoglobulin G concentrations against serogroup 4...
Older adults are at high risk of developing invasive pneumococcal disease, but the optimal timing and number vaccine doses needed to prevent disease among this group unknown. We compared revaccination with 23-valent polysaccharide (PN23) primary vaccination for eliciting initial persistent functional antibody responses.Subjects aged > or = 65 years were enrolled. Functional (opsonic) total immunoglobulin (Ig) G levels measured following either PN23 (n 60) 3-5 after receiving a first 60)....
An infant mouse assay system for assessment of protective concentrations human serum pneumococcal anticapsular antibodies is described. Passive immunization was evaluated protection mice challenged with Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes 1, 4, 5, 6B, 18C, and 23A, bacteremia as an end point. Protection defined no detectable in 70% 48 h after challenge. Type-specific required varied serotype (⩽0.05 to >0.4 μg/mL). Across serotypes, there significant correlation between IgG concentration from...
The pca branch of the beta-ketoadipate pathway in Pseudomonas putida is responsible for complete degradation p-hydroxybenzoate through ortho cleavage initial metabolite, protocatechuate. pcaR regulatory locus has been found to be required both induction all genes within regulon (pcaBDC, pcaIJ, and pcaF) chemotactic response bacteria aromatic compounds. Insertional inactivation mutagenesis, using Tn5 mini-Tn5 transposons, was used locate, clone, sequence this gene. gene product, when...
Concentrations of serum anti—Haemophilus influenzae type b (anti-Hib) capsular polysaccharide (CPS) ⩾0.15 and ⩾1.0 µg/mL are widely used as surrogates for protection against invasive Hib disease. However, the relationship between anti-Hib CPS following immunization colonization is not known, making it difficult to evaluate new vaccines or combination vaccines. In Dominican Republic, nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from 546 9-month-old infants who had received conjugate vaccine at ages 2,...
Antibody-mediated killing of Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) by phagocytes is an important mechanism protection the human host against pneumococcal infections. Measurement opsonophagocytic antibodies use a standardized assay (OPA) for evaluation candidate vaccines and required licensure new conjugate vaccine formulations. We assessed agreement among six laboratories that used their own optimized OPAs on panel 16 reference sera 13 serotypes. Consensus titers, estimated using...
ABSTRACT Opsonophagocytosis is the primary mechanism for clearance of pneumococci from host, and measurement opsonophagocytic antibodies appears to correlate with vaccine-induced protection. We developed a semiautomated flow cytometric opsonophagocytosis assay using HL-60 granulocytes as effector cells nonviable 5,6-carboxyfluorescein, succinimidyl ester-labeled Streptococcus pneumoniae (serotypes 4, 6B, 9V, 14, 18C, 19F, 23F) bacterial targets. The was highly reproducible (for 87%...
In October 2001, four cases of inhalational anthrax occurred in workers a Washington, D.C., mail facility that processed envelopes containing Bacillus anthracis spores. We reviewed the envelopes' paths and obtained exposure histories nasal swab cultures from postal workers. Environmental sampling was performed. A sample employees assessed for antibody concentrations to B. protective antigen. Case-patients worked on nonoverlapping shifts throughout facility, suggesting multiple aerosolization...
ABSTRACT The role of pneumococcal (Pnc) surface adhesin A (PsaA) in the adherence Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) to host cells is not well defined. We examined effect anti-PsaA antibodies an inhibition assay using Detroit 562 nasopharyngeal human epithelial cells. Rabbit polyclonal (Pab) anti-recombinant PsaA (rPsaA) sera, a purified mouse monoclonal antibody (MAb) (MAb 6F62G8E12), and 22 healthy adult sera with known IgG levels (obtained by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) were...
Background We have previously demonstrated, using functional antibody assays, that patients undergoing splenectomy for trauma exhibit a better response to pneumococcal immunization when vaccinated at 14 days postoperatively versus 1 or 7 days. However, immunized failed reach the of normal controls. This study was conducted determine whether even later would improve response. Methods Forty surviving emergent were randomized receive Pneumovax 28 after splenectomy. Blood samples drawn time...
Streptococcus pneumoniae is a serious worldwide pathogen and the focus of numerous vaccine development projects. Currently most widely accepted surrogate marker for evaluating efficacy given to utilize ELISA. Measurement antibody concentration by ELISA without reduction in cross-reactive antibodies causes an overestimation therefore protection, this notable aged, at risk group infection. We compared immune response pneumococcal polysaccharides (PPS) 4 14 20 young elderly adults. Pre-and...
ABSTRACT Opsonophagocytosis is a correlate of protection that measures the functional activity vaccine-induced antibodies. A standardized opsonophagocytosis assay (OPA) should be used as part evaluation current and future pneumococcal (Pnc) polysaccharide (Ps)-based vaccines. We enrolled five laboratories to evaluate previously viability OPA. Each laboratory was provided with detailed OPA protocol, seven target Pnc strains (serotypes 4, 6B, 9V, 14, 18C, 19F, 23F), two quality control sera 12...
On October 15, 2001, a U.S. Senate staff member opened an envelope containing Bacillus anthracis spores. Chemoprophylaxis was promptly initiated and nasal swabs obtained for all persons in the immediate area. An epidemiologic investigation conducted to define exposure areas identify who should receive prolonged chemoprophylaxis, based on their risk. Persons immediately exposed B. spores were interviewed; records reviewed additional this with positive had repeat serial serologic evaluation...