E-cigarette-related hospitalizations and deaths across the U.S. continue to increase. A high percentage of patients have elevated liver function tests indicative systemic toxicity. This study was designed determine effect e-cigarette chemicals on cell HepG2 cells were exposed flavoring (isoamyl acetate, vanillin, ethyl maltol, l-menthol,

Abstract Studies have described the efficacy of immunotherapies (IMT) utilizing programmed death 1 receptor and its ligand (PD-L1) for treating solid tumors. However, many patients (pts) fail to respond IMT, underscoring need better predictive biomarkers improved pt identification stratification. Poor IMT responses are often attributed dynamic nature PD-L1 which may change after chemotherapy or radiation is quantified by static immunostaining. Recently, studies upregulation in giant...

A new facility for microwave irradiation of mice which will provide reproducible dosimetry is described. The waveguide used provided the integral dose rate to experimental animals under stable and controlled environmental conditions relative humidity temperature, variables have been found be critical in studies. In terms average absorbed lethal dose, female mouse was more sensitive during estrus than diestrus. Teratogenesis (e.g., exencephalies) after sublethal pregnant at 8 gestation days...

Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is the leading cause of acute failure and a major concern in drug development. Altered bile acid homeostasis via inhibition salt export pump (BSEP) one mechanism DILI. Dasatinib, pazopanib, sorafenib are tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) that competitively inhibit BSEP increase serum biomarkers for hepatotoxicity ∼25-50% patients. However, mechanism(s) beyond competitive poorly understood. This study examined mechanisms TKI-mediated associated with altered...

Controversy exists over thermal versus nonthermal biological effects of microwave radiation. Rectal measurements temperature, which are often used as indicators stress, may not be sufficiently reliable. In this investigation, the oxygen‐consumption rate was a indicator stress from Male CFI mice were irradiated with 2450‐MHz CW energy in waveguide at forward power levels 0 (sham), 0.09, 0.3, 0.6, 1.7, and 3.3 W, resulted corresponding averaged dose rates 0, 1.6, 5.5, 10.4, 23.6, 44.3 mW/g....

An environmentally-controlled waveguide irradiation facility has been built for the exposure of small animals to 2450 MHz, CW microwave energy. Integral dose rate is determined without significantly perturbing field interacting with irradiated animal.

Research has shown that the determination of absorbed microwave energy as well control environmental parameters are important in relating biological-effect data to, radiation protection. This short paper describes development an environmentally controlled waveguide irradiation facility for exposure small animals to 2450-MHz CW energy. Integral dose rate is determined without perturbing field interacting with irradiated animal.

A calculational model is presented to illustrate the strong dependence of electromagnetic absorbed dose rate (absorbed power density) on size biological bodies for a given energy flux density. It found that exposed an uniform density (plane wave), in body can be drastically non-uniform and dependent source frequency. This drastic deviation RF microwave radiation dosimetric behavior from ionizing should alert health physicists differences techniques instrumentations needed quantifications...

Abstract Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) remains a major challenge in drug development. Although numerous mechanisms for DILI have been identified, few studies focused on loss of hepatocyte polarization as mechanism. The current study investigated the effects valproate (VPA), an antiepileptic with risk, cellular responsible polarization. Fully polarized collagen sandwich-cultured rat hepatocytes were treated VPA (1–20 mM) specified times (3–24 h). Hepatocyte viability was significantly...

A significant increase in the percentage of spleen cells bearing receptor for third component complement (CR/sup +/) was induced mice following a single exposure to 2450-MHz microwave radiation an environmentally controlled waveguide facility (24/sup 0/C, 50% relative humidity, 38 liters/min airflow). This icrease composed surface immunoglobulin-positive, Thy-1-negative-cells, and observed by 3 days exposure; it persisted 5 6 returned baseline levels 9 10 after exposure. No secondary...

Current microwave biologic effects research uses both aperture and plane wave sources. In this theoretic investigation, the dose rate (time of energy absorption per unit mass) patterns are compared between phantom heads irradiated by Two brain tissue-equivalent spheres with radii 3.3 7 cm used to simulate monkey human heads, respectively. addition, a five-layered sphere is employed more closely various tissues in head. Theoretic formulations multi-layered due separate source treatments...

An interface has been developed to allow the measurement of sampled integral-dose rate, defined as change in integral dose during a particular time interval divided by that interval, absorbed test animals they are exposed waveguide 2450-MHz CW microwave energy. The purpose this investigation is quantify variations rate result animal movements and compare different irradiation procedures with respect rate.

Previous research has established that exposure to microwave radiation above a critical level is associated with reduction across time in the rate at which energy absorbed by mouse. Microwaves caused animal effectively decrease decreasing percent absorption of incident energy. The current investigation sought determine effect ambient temperature on this behavior. Male CFI mice (30 34 g) were irradiated 2450‐MHz CW microwaves for 20 minutes an environmentally controlled waveguide temperatures...

Abstract Hepatic cell lines serve as economical and reproducible alternatives for primary human hepatocytes. However, the utility of hepatic to examine bile acid homeostasis cholestatic toxicity is limited due abnormal expression function acid-metabolizing enzymes, transporters, absence canalicular formation. We discovered that culturing HuH-7 hepatoma cells with dexamethasone (DEX) 0.5% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) two weeks, Matrigel overlay after one week, resulted in a shorter improved...

The sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP; gene name SLC10A1 ) is the primary hepatic basolateral uptake transporter for conjugated bile acids and entry receptor hepatitis B D virus (HBV/HDV). Regulation of human NTCP remains a knowledge gap due to significant species differences in substrate inhibitor selectivity plasma membrane expression. In present study, various kinase inhibitors were screened inhibition function (TCA) using NTCP-transfected HuH-7 cells. This study...

Abstract In attempting to evaluate the mechanisms responsible for susceptibility inductive increase in splenic complement receptor‐positive (CR + ) cells following exposure 2450‐MHz microwaves, it was found that sensitivity microwave‐induced CR cell increases under genetic control. particular, evidence accumulated suggesting regulation control of a gene or genes closely associated with but outside mouse major histocompatibility complex (H‐2). All responsive strains mice tested were H‐2 k...

Theoretical calculations and electric field measurements were made to demonstrate the focusing effect of dielectric spheres (lenses). The results indicate feasibility using lenses for selective partial body irradiation in biological experiments.

This experiment demonstrates that for microwave radiation, absorbed dose determination alone is not dosimetrically sufficient. The average to death in this increases as the rate of absorption decreases. observation surprising since energy produces heating biological tissues. Hence, with a higher body an animal, less it able retain homeostasis through metabolic regulation than lower heating. and duration exposure must both be determined any effects experiments.

Definitions of RF and microwave energy flux density (power density), absorbed dose rate, total power (integral rate) are given in a context intended to be meaningful health physicists radiobiologists formalism familiar electrical engineers. It is suggested that the determination for fields may not sufficient dosimetric needs hazards evaluation or radiobiology. More adequate specification should include electric magnetic at every location interest. Alternatively, radiation protection guides...

The cyclotron-resonance interaction between electromagnetic waves and nonthermal plasmas has been investigated for Cauchy (resonance) velocity distributions which yield algebraic dispersion equations. Combinations of anisotropic streaming have considered ions electrons to ascertain the relative importance at different frequencies. Because equations are algebraic, valid characteristic roots readily identified, their unstable nature is determined by conventional convective/nonconvective...

You have accessJournal of UrologyInfections/Inflammation the Genitourinary Tract: Prostate & Genitalia1 Apr 2010807 TRANSRECTAL PROSTATE BIOPSY SEPSIS:TRENDS IN ITS BACTERIOLOGY AND ANTIBIOTIC PROPHYLAXIS A SINGLE CENTER OVER 8 YEARS Md Mohsin Uddin, Henry S.S. Ho, Lay Guat Ng, and Christopher W.S. Cheng UddinMd Uddin More articles by this author , HoHenry Ho NgLay Ng ChengChristopher View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2010.02.1483AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload...