The formation of singularities in two-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic flow is investigated by direct numerical simulation. It shown that turbulence not as singular three-dimensional hydrodynamic (in the sense it has a less highly excited small-scale structure) but more than turbulence.

An envelope equation is derived which describes the radial evolution of a radiation beam propagating through plasma. The contains defocusing term due to diffraction spreading and focusing relativistic oscillations plasma electrons. case constant density background analyzed in detail an expression for critical laser power derived. For powers exceeding power, oscillates does not diffract. Under certain conditions propagates with radius envelope.

The development of lasers in which the active medium is a relativistic stream free electrons has recently evoked much interest. potential advantages such free-electron include, among other things, continuous frequency tunability, very high operating power, and efficiency. laser (FEL) characterized by pump field, for example, spatially periodic magnetic field scatters from relativistic-electron beam. scattered radiation wavelength smaller than wavelength, depending on electron-beam energy....

Recent studies reporting hundreds, to thousands, of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in the blood cancer patients have raised questions regarding prevalence CTCs, as enumerated by CellSearch(®) CTC Test. Although CellSearch has been shown consistently detect clinically relevant CTCs; ability only capture EpCAM positive led speculation that it captures limited subsets CTCs. In contrast, alternative approaches isolation are often cited capturing large numbers CTCs from patient blood. Not...

In the free-electron laser resonant interaction between radiation field and electron beam can result in focusing (optical guiding). If centroid of is transversely displaced off axis, field, under certain conditions, will follow be steered by beam. The effect a spatial modulation on electron-beam envelope also modify propagation characteristics radiation. These other phenomena are analytically numerically studied using novel source-dependent Laguerre-Gaussian modal representation fully...

We present a general, self-consistent, nonlinear theory of the free-electron laser (FEL) process. The formulation temporal steady-state problem results in set coupled FEL equations governing spatial evolution amplitudes and wavelengths fields. show that intrinsic efficiencies can be greatly enhanced by spatially contouring magnetic pump-field parameters. In optical regime, single-pass are found to exceed 20%.

This letter presents a self-consistent nonlinear treatment of three-dimensional effects associated with the wiggler field, electron beam, and radiation beam in steady-state free laser (FEL) amplifying configuration. Our formulation also incorporates various efficiency enhancement schemes. We find that 3-D can lead to substantial differences results compared 1-D theory. Finally numerical illustration 10.6-μm FEL is given.

The excitation of plasma waves by two laser beams, whose frequency difference is approximately the frequency, analyzed. Our nonlinear analysis fully relativistic in axial and transverse directions includes mismatching beat to time dependent amplitudes, an applied magnetic field (surfatron configuration). analytical results for large amplitude include constant motion, accelerating electric field, its phase velocity. weak power limit are good agreement with numerical obtained from complete...

PURPOSE Current diagnostic methods to determine programmed death 1 (PD-1) receptor and its ligand (PD-L1)/PD-1 immunotherapy (immune checkpoint inhibitor [ICI]) efficacy in recurrent or metastatic non–small-cell lung carcinoma (rmNSCLC) are imprecise. Although previously shown that patients with high tumor PD-L1 (≥ 50%) demonstrate clinical benefit the form of disease reduction improved survival, low (< sometimes from treatment. Since PD-L1/PD-1 pathway is dynamic, monitoring levels...

We review recent progress in the physics and technology of cold cathode electron emitters. The characteristics emission from field emitter arrays, photocathodes, ferroelectrics are presented, together with a summary understanding involved. paper concludes description L-band micropulse gun, based on secondary an RF cavity. Emphasis is placed development for guns to drive microwave tubes accelerators.

A method is presented for calculating the electric and magnetic fields from dipoles embedded in anisotropic stratified media. By decomposing into transverse (TE) (TM) modes, results are obtained more directly computationally efficient than methods using Hertz potential. The electromagnetic four types of dipole sources: horizontal electric, magnetic, vertical magnetic. source within one several anistropic layers, which further sandwiched between two semi-infinite

Abstract Background Cancer Associated Macrophage-Like cells (CAMLs) are polynucleated circulating stromal found in the bloodstream of numerous solid-tumor malignancies. Variations within CAML size have been associated with poorer progression free survival (PFS) and overall (OS) a variety cancers; however, no study has evaluated their clinical significance esophageal cancer (EC). Methods To examine this significance, we ran 2 year prospective pilot consisting newly diagnosed stage I-III EC...

Abstract Studies have described the efficacy of immunotherapies (IMT) utilizing programmed death 1 receptor and its ligand (PD-L1) for treating solid tumors. However, many patients (pts) fail to respond IMT, underscoring need better predictive biomarkers improved pt identification stratification. Poor IMT responses are often attributed dynamic nature PD-L1 which may change after chemotherapy or radiation is quantified by static immunostaining. Recently, studies upregulation in giant...

The excitation of plasma waves by two laser beams, whose frequency difference is approximately the frequency, analyzed. Our nonlinear analysis fully relativistic and includes mismatching beat to time dependent amplitudes, an applied transverse magnetic field (surfatron). For a given power, density, we find peak accelerating electric its phase velocity. found increase effective but has little effect on dynamics.

An analysis of the free-electron-laser (FEL) oscillator startup problem in linear regime is presented. The model spatially one dimensional, though many important three-dimensional effects are included heuristically. electron beam consists pulses arbitrary shape separated by approximately twice radiation transit time. small gain per pass approximation employed deriving an energy rate equation, which describes evolution within resonator. wiggler field assumed to occupy a portion finite $Q$ In...

An all-in-one Circulating Tumor Cell (CTC) isolation platform with streamlined multiplex integration of proteomic and genomic clinical testing.

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs), epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) cells, as well a number of circulating cancer stromal (CStCs) are known to shed into the blood patients. Individually, and together, these provide biological clinical information about cancers. Filtration is method used isolate all while eliminating red white from whole peripheral blood. We have previously shown that accurate identification cell types paramount proper assessment by describing overlapping phenotypes CTCs...

CCR5 is a motility chemokine receptor implicated in tumor progression, whose activation and subsequent endocytosis may identify highly aggressive breast cancer cell subtypes likely to spread into the circulatory system.

Abstract Pancreatic cancer (PC) is notoriously difficult to diagnosis and properly stage resulting in incorrect primary treatment. Diagnostic prognostic biomarkers are desperately needed more accurately patients select proper treatments. Recently, a newly discovered circulating stromal cell, i.e. associated macrophage-like cell (CAML), was found identify solid cancers predict for worse prognosis. In this pilot study, blood samples were procured from 63 PC prior start of therapeutic intent....

Abstract Enteric glia, the support cells of myenteric ganglia, have been widely studied with respect to their morphology and immunohistochemical phenotype, but little is known about functional properties. We developed a method for amplification enteric glia from newborn guinea pigs further characterize these cells. Treatment combination basic fibroblast growth factor adenylate cyclase activator, cholera toxin, permitted expansion glial cultures confluence serial passage up 8 months. The...

A laser acceleration mechanism which utilizes a strong static, almost uniform, magnetic field together with an intense pulse is analyzed. The interaction and relies on self resonance effect. Since the assumed to be diffraction limited, must spatially varied maintain resonance. effective accelerating gradient shown scale like l/√E <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">b</sub> , where E electron energy. For numerical illustration we...