Fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs) are a recently discovered class biologically active lipids. Here we identify the linoleic ester 13-hydroxy (13-LAHLA) as an anti-inflammatory lipid. An oat oil fraction and FAHFA-enriched extract from this showed activity in lipopolysaccharide-induced cytokine secretion assay. Structural studies identified three LAHLA isomers (15-, 13-, 9-LAHLA) being most abundant FAHFAs fraction. Of these LAHLAs, 13-LAHLA is isomer human serum after...

Cholesterol synthesized in the body or ingested is an essential lipid component for human survival from our earliest life. Newborns ingest about 3-4 times amount per weight through mother's milk compared to dietary intake of adults. A birth level 1.7 mmol/L plasma total cholesterol will increase 4-4.5 during nursing period and continue adulthood around 40% throughout Coronary artery disease other metabolic disorders are strongly associated with low-density lipoprotein (LDL) high-density...

Abstract Background Curcumin is a polyphenol and the one of principle curcuminoids spice turmeric. Its antioxidant, anti-cancer anti-inflammatory effects have been intensively studied. Previous in vivo studies showed that administration curcumin also decreased cholesterol levels blood, were considered to be related upregulation LDL receptor. However, since plasma are influenced by uptake gut, which mediated specific transporter Niemann-Pick Cl-like 1 (NPC1L1) protein, present study...

Fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs) are a recently discovered class endogenous lipids with antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory activities. Interest in these is due to their unique biological activites the observation that insulin-resistant people have lower palmitic hydroxystearic (PAHSA) levels, suggesting FAHFA deficiency may contribute metabolic disease. Rigorous testing this hypothesis will require measurement many clinical samples; however, current analytical workflows too...

Alkaline sphingomyelinase (alk-SMase) hydrolyses sphingomyelin (SM) to ceramide in the gut. To evaluate physiological importance of enzyme, we generated alk-SMase knockout (KO) mice by Cre-recombinase-Locus X-over P1(Cre-LoxP) system and studied SM digestion. Both wild-type (WT) KO were fed 3H-palmitic acid labeled together with milk gavage. The lipids intestinal content, tissues, serum, liver analyzed TLC. In mice, nondigested 3H-SM content increased 6-fold formation 3H-ceramide decreased...

A high energy supply and appropriate amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids is crucial for proper growth development in neonates. The capacity acid absorption newborns however hampered due to an undeveloped pancreatic function combined with a low bile output. This seems particular limit babies given infant formulas. Since interaction between the lipid droplet gastric duodenal lipases occur through hydrophobic/hydrophilic interface, composition emulsifier may be efficient hydrolysis. We...

Sphingolipids (SL), in particular sphingomyelin (SM) are important components of milk fat polar lipids. Dietary SM inhibits cholesterol absorption rats (Nyberg et al. J Nutr Biochem. 2000) and SLs decrease both TG concentrations lipid- fed APOE*3Leiden mice (Duivenvoorden Am Clin Nutr. 2006). This human study examines effects a butter formulation enriched globule membrane material, thereby SLs, on blood lipids healthy volunteers. In four week parallel group with 33 men 15 women we examined...

Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is a neuronal transmitter present in intracranial sensory nerves, where it involved migraine pathophysiology as well other biological functions. Recently, the fully human monoclonal antibody erenumab (AMG 334), which targets canonical calcitonin receptor, showed significant prophylactic efficacy and favourable safety phase II III clinical trials for episodic chronic now approved prevention several countries.Given that can mediate vasodilation, we...

Fremanezumab (TEV-48125) is a fully humanized anti-calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) monoclonal antibody (mAb) that has shown positive results in the prevention of episodic migraine and chronic migraine. Previous preclinical studies have revealed CGRP antagonistic effects on intracranial arteries (ICA). The aim study was to evaluate vitro fremanezumab human arteries. Arteries were removed conjunction with neurosurgery (cerebral, CA, middle meningeal artery, MMA, n = 7) or reconstructive...

Abstract Preeclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy syndrome characterized by hypertension and organ damage manifesting after 20 gestational weeks. The etiology of multifactorial origin, where placental stress causes increased levels placenta-derived extracellular vesicles (STBEVs) in the maternal circulation, shown to cause inflammation, endothelial activation, vasoconstriction, anti-angiogenic activity. General dysfunction believed be initiated insult during that alters vascular function resulting...

Neutral ceramidase activity has previously been identified in the intestinal mucosa and gut lumen postulated to be important digestion of sphingolipids. It is found throughout intestine but never fully characterized. We have purified rat neutral from an eluate obtained by perfusing with 0.9% NaCl 3 mM sodium taurodeoxycholate. Using a combination acetone precipitation ion-exchange, hydrophobic-interaction, gel chromatographies, we homogenous enzyme protein molecular mass approximately 116...

The composition and surface structure of dietary lipids influence their intestinal degradation. Intake liposomes made fractionated oat oil (LOO) is suggested to affect the digestion process postprandial lipemia also induce satiety.In present study, metabolic effects on plasma gut hormones related satiety were investigated in healthy individuals after intake LOO, with dairy as placebo.Two blinded randomized studies crossover design performed. In first 19 subjects consumed 35 g from LOO or...

We previously showed that dietary sphingomyelin (SM) inhibited cholesterol absorption in animals. The key enzyme hydrolyzing SM the gut is alkaline sphingomyelinase (alk-SMase, nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 7). Here using fecal dual-isotope ratio method we compared wild-type (WT) and alk-SMase knockout (KO) mice. animals were fed an emulsion containing [ 14 C]cholesterol 3 H]sitosterol. radioactivities lipids of samples collected 4, 8, 24 h thereafter determined, C/ H was...

Dietary fibre and fat affect colonic tumourigenesis inflammation. Sphingomyelin metabolism may have implications for the pathogenesis of tumours ulcerative colitis. The present study examined effects psyllium on enzymes responsible sphingomyelin apoptosis in colon. Mice were fed control, psyllium-containing (100 g/kg), high-fat (313 g/kg, 53 % energy as fat) or plus diets 4 weeks. activities acid, neutral alkaline sphingomyelinase (SMase), ceramidase, caspase 3, 8 9 mucosa determined....

Curcumin has been shown to inhibit cell growth and induce apoptosis in colon cancer cells. The metabolism of sphingomyelin implications the development cancert. We examined whether curcumin affects enzymes that hydrolyse Caco-2 cells were cultured both monolayer polarized conditions stimulated with curcumin. activities sphingomyelinases determined. Sphingomyelin its hydrolytic products analysed by thin layer chromatography. changes acid sphingomyelinase protein Western blotting. found...