A5051635531- Plant nutrient uptake and metabolism
- Plant Physiology and Cultivation Studies
- Plant Molecular Biology Research
- Plant Virus Research Studies
- Horticultural and Viticultural Research
- Chromosomal and Genetic Variations
- Polysaccharides and Plant Cell Walls
- Plant responses to water stress
- Photosynthetic Processes and Mechanisms
- Plant Stress Responses and Tolerance
- Postharvest Quality and Shelf Life Management
- Microbial Metabolites in Food Biotechnology
- Plant tissue culture and regeneration
- Plant Disease Management Techniques
- Crop Yield and Soil Fertility
- Rice Cultivation and Yield Improvement
- Plant Parasitism and Resistance
- Plant Reproductive Biology
- Plant responses to elevated CO2
- CRISPR and Genetic Engineering
- Plant Micronutrient Interactions and Effects
- Magnetic and Electromagnetic Effects
- Nematode management and characterization studies
- Botanical Research and Applications
- Seedling growth and survival studies
University of Florida
2015-2025
University of Wisconsin–Madison
1931-2024
U.S. Horticultural Research Laboratory
2013-2022
Freie Universität Berlin
2020
Texas A&M University – Commerce
2019
Government Communications Headquarters
2017
Right to Care
2015
University of Pretoria
2012
Kiel University
2011
Malmö University
2011
Plant gene responses to changing carbohydrate status can vary markedly. Some genes are induced, some repressed, and others minimally affected. As in microorganisms, sugar-sensitive plant part of an ancient system cellular adjustment critical nutrient availability. However, multicellular plants, sugar-regulated expression also provides a mechanism for control resource distribution among tissues organs. Carbohydrate depletion upregulates photosynthesis, remobilization, export, while decreasing...
Recent developments have altered our view of molecular mechanisms that determine sink strength, defined here as the capacity non-photosynthetic structures to compete for import photoassimilates. We review new findings from diverse systems, including stems, seeds, flowers, and fruits. An important advance has been identification transporters facilitators with major roles in accumulation equilibration sugars at a cellular level. Exactly where each exerts its effect varies among systems....
The maize W22 inbred has served as a platform for genetics since the mid twentieth century. To streamline genome analyses, we have sequenced and de novo assembled reference using short-read sequencing technologies. We show that significant structural heterogeneity exists in comparison to B73 at multiple scales, from transposon composition copy number variation single-nucleotide polymorphisms. generation of this enables accurate placement thousands Mutator (Mu) Dissociation (Ds) transposable...
Maize (Zea mays) is a major staple crop in Africa, where its yield and the livelihood of millions are compromised by parasitic witchweed Striga. Germination Striga induced strigolactones exuded from maize roots into rhizosphere. In germplasm collection, we identified two strigolactones, zealactol zealactonoic acid, which stimulate less germination than strigolactone, zealactone. We then showed that single cytochrome P450, ZmCYP706C37, catalyzes series oxidative steps maize-strigolactone...
Abstract To distinguish their roles in early kernel development and stress, expression of soluble (Ivr2) insoluble (Incw2) acid invertases was analyzed young ovaries maize (Zea mays) from 6 d before (−6 d) to 7 after pollination (+7 response perturbation by drought stress treatments. The Ivr2 invertase mRNA more abundant than the Incw2 throughout pre- post-pollination (peaking at +3 d). In contrast,Incw2 mRNAs increased only pollination. Drought repression also preceded changes Incw2, with...
Summary We implement a novel strategy for harnessing the power of high‐copy transposons functional analysis maize genome, and report behavioral features Mutator system in uniform inbred background. The unique UniformMu population database facilitate high‐throughput molecular Mu‐tagged mutants gene knockouts. Key include: (i) high mutation frequencies (7% independent seed mutations) moderation copy number (approximately 57 total Mu elements; 1–2 MuDR copies per plant) were maintained by...
The two genes encoding sucrose synthase in maize (Sh1 and Sus1) show markedly different responses to changes tissue carbohydrate status. This enzyme is widely regarded as pivotal partitioning, import, and/or metabolism by developing plant organs. Excised root tips were incubated for varying periods sugars a range of concentrations. Sh1 mRNA was maximally expressed under conditions limited supply (~0.2% glucose). In contrast, Sus1 transcript levels low or nondetectable sugar-depleted peaked...
Juice tissues of citrus lack phloem; therefore, photosynthates enroute to juice sacs exit the vascular system on surface each segment. Areas extensive phloem unloading and transport (vascular bundles + segment epidermis) can thus be separated from those assimilate storage (juice sacs) adjacent where both processes occur (peel). Sugar composition, dry weight accumulation, activities four sucrose-metabolizing enzymes (soluble cell-wall-bound acid invertase, alkaline sucrose synthase, phosphate...
Summary The wall‐associated kinases (WAK), a family of five proteins that contain extracellular domains can be linked to pectin molecules the cell wall, span plasma membrane and have cytoplasmic serine/threonine kinase domain. Previous work has shown reduction in WAK protein levels leads loss expansion, indicating these receptor‐like role shape formation. Here it is single wak2 mutation exhibits dependence on sugars salts for seedling growth. This also reduces expression activity vacuolar...
Translocation of (14)C-photosynthates to mycorrhizal (+ +), half (0+), and nonmycorrhizal (00) split-root systems was compared P accumulation in leaves the host plant. Carrizo citrange seedlings (Poncirus trifoliata [L.] Raf. x Citrus sinensis Osbeck) were inoculated with vesicular-arbuscular fungus Glomus intraradices Schenck Smith. Plants exposed (14) CO(2) for 10 minutes ambient air 2 hours. Three 4% recently labeled photosynthate allocated metabolism mycorrhiza each root independent...
Focus has centered on C-partitioning in stems of sugarcane (Saccharum sp.) due to their high-sucrose accumulation features, relevance other grasses, and rising economic value. Here we review how balances between sucrose storage, respiration, cell wall biosynthesis. The specific topics involve 1) exceptionally high levels (up over 500 mM), 2) a potential, turgor-sensitive system for partitioning storage inside (cytosol vacuole) outside cells, 3) mechanisms prevent back-flow extracellular...
Photosynthate partitioning was examined in seedings of sour orange (Citrus aurantium L.) and Carrizo citrange (Poncirus trifoliata [L.] Raf. x C. sinensis Osbeck) grown with split root systems inoculated on one side vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (Glomus intraradices Schenck Smith). Source-sink relations were studied without mitigating differences mineral content or physiological age that can occur separate plant comparisons, because phosphorus evenly distributed between leaves...
Grass species represent a major source of food, feed, and fiber crops potential feedstocks for biofuel production. Most the biomass is contributed by cell walls that are distinct in composition from all other flowering plants. Identifying wall-related genes their functions underpins fundamental understanding growth development these species. Toward this goal, we building knowledge base maize (Zea mays) involved wall biology, expression profiles, phenotypic consequences mutation. Over 750...
Abstract Strigolactones (SLs) control lateral branching in diverse species by regulating transcription factors orthologous to Teosinte branched1 (Tb1). In maize (Zea mays), however, selection for a strong central stalk during domestication is attributed primarily the Tb1 locus, leaving architectural roles of SLs unclear. To determine how this signaling network altered maize, we first examined effects knockout mutation an essential SL biosynthetic gene that encodes CAROTENOID CLEAVAGE...
Abstract We show here that invertase gene expression and the invertase-sucrose (Suc) synthase ratio decrease abruptly in response to low oxygen maize root tips. In addition aiding conservation of carbon possibly ATP, this has potential directly affect sugar signaling relative flux. Experiments were motivated by for a reduced invertase/Suc balance alter impact respiratory and/or membrane flux on signaling. Maize (Zea mays L.) seedlings with 5-cm primary roots exposed anoxic (0% [v/v] O2),...
An immunohistochemical approach was used in maize (Zea mays) and citrus (Citrus paradisi) to address the previously noted association between sucrose synthase vascular bundles determine localization of low but detectable levels that remain leaves after import-export transition. Sucrose protein immunolocalized at light microscope level using paraffin sections reacted with rabbit polyclonal antisera gold-conjugated goat anti-rabbit immunoglobulin G. Immunolabel specifically observed phloem...
Abstract Experiments were conducted to determine whether sucrose synthase (SuSy) was phosphorylated in the elongation zone of maize (Zea mays L.) leaves. The approximately 90-kD subunit SuSy 32P-labeled on seryl residue(s) when excised shoots fed [32P]orthophosphate. Both isoforms (the SS1 and SS2 proteins) vivo, tryptic peptide-mapping analysis suggested a single, similar phosphorylation site both proteins. A combination matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass...
Gene knockouts are a critical resource for functional genomics. In Arabidopsis, comprehensive knockout collections were generated by amplifying and sequencing genomic DNA flanking insertion mutants. These Flanking Sequence Tags (FSTs) map each mutant to specific locus within the genome. maize, FSTs have been using transposons. Transposable elements can generate unstable insertions that difficult analyze simple phenotypes. Transposons also somatic fail segregate in subsequent generations....
Invertase and sucrose synthase catalyze the two known paths for first step in carbon use by sucrose-importing plant cells. The hypothesis that sugar-modulated expression of these genes could provide a means import adjustment was initially suggested based on data from synthases alone; however, this remained largely conjectural without critical evidence invertases. Toward end, family maize invertases cloned characterized. Here, we show are indeed sugar modulated and, surprisingly, like genes,...
Abstract Differences in gene expression underlie central questions plant biology extending from function to evolutionary mechanisms and quantitative traits. However, resolving of closely related genes (e.g. alleles family members) is challenging on a genome-wide scale due extensive sequence similarity frequently incomplete genome data. We present new expression-profiling strategy that utilizes long-read, high-throughput sequencing capture the information-rich 3′-untranslated region (UTR)...
Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) was investigated in leaves and stems of the succulent C4 dicot Portulaca oleracea L. Diurnal fluctuations, CO2 gas exchange, leaf resistance were monitored under various photoperiod watering regimes. No CAM activity seen well watered plants grown 16-hour days. Under 8-hour days, however, showed a CAM-like pattern fluctuation with amplitudes 102 90 microequivalents per gram fresh weight for stems, respectively. Similar patterns also observed detached...
In addition to managing soilborne diseases, grafting with vigorous rootstocks has been shown improve yield in tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum L.) production. However, the influence of different levels nitrogen (N) and irrigation supplies on grafted plants not fully examined comparison non-grafted plants, especially under field conditions. The objective this two-year study was determine effects regimes N rates yield, water use efficiency (iWUE), (NUE) grown drip sandy soils north Florida....
Maternal-to-filial nutrition transfer is central to grain development and yield. nitrate transporter 1/peptide (NRT1-PTR)-type transporters typically transport nitrate, peptides, ions. Here, we report the identification of a maize (Zea mays) NRT1-PTR-type that transports sucrose glucose. The activity this sugar transporter, named Sucrose Glucose Carrier 1 (SUGCAR1), was systematically verified by tracer-labeled uptake serial electrophysiological studies including two-electrode voltage-clamp,...