Abstract Aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs) enjoy a good reputation for being safe, affordable to produce, and ecologically friendly due the use of water‐based electrolytes. The main factors restricting development ZIBs, however, are negative effects dendrite deposition on zinc anode dissolution common cathodes such as Mn V‐based cathodes. Various techniques have been used address these issues, including regulating electrolyte concentration or solvation structure, developing coating current...

Due to the renewable generation target and continuously increasing electrical demand, a large number of wind farms are being planned in China. Meanwhile, corresponding transmission infrastructures have be developed facilitate increased penetration. HVAC, conventional HVDC voltage source converter (VSC) based possible options for building new lines. Compared other approaches, VSC-HVDC offers better efficiency, flexible independent power control, reactive compensation, unlimited terminal...

Voltage source converter based multiterminal HVDC (VSC-MTDC) technology has shown many advantages. However, following a large disturbance, the dc voltage and output power of VSC station with fixed droop control may hit their limits, thereby reducing ability whole MTDC system. Here an adaptive scheme is proposed on basis both deviation factor sharing factor. It contributes to ensure loading rate each within limits during disturbances, capability system remain high. The working principle...

Hybrid ac/dc microgrids (MGs) integrated with traditional diesel generators, distributed energy storage systems (ESSs), and high penetration of renewable sources (RESs)-based generators (DGs) have become an attractive power supply solution for isolated remote areas islands, which can effectively reduce environmental protection pressure improve reliability. However, in such inherent low-inertia systems, randomness fluctuation the output RESs uncertain load consumption easily incur dynamic...

With economic growth, the demand for power systems is increasingly large. Short-term load forecasting (STLF) becomes an indispensable factor to enhance application of a smart grid (SG). Other than aggregated residential loads in large scale, it still urgent problem improve accuracy individual energy users due high volatility and uncertainty. However, as important variable that affects consumption pattern, influence weather factors on prediction rarely studied. In this paper, we review...

For droop control in voltage source converter based multi-terminal HVDC systems, the determination of coefficients is a key issue, which directly affects both power distribution and DC performances. This paper proposes novel design considering requirements distribution, system stability. Considering margins different converters, ratio relationship among established. Converters with larger take bigger portion mismatch to avoid overload problem. Furthermore, integral square error converters...

While being widely used to understand the chemical reactions in heterogeneous catalysis or other multidisciplinary systems, a great challenge that semilocal and hybrid density functional approximations (DFAs) are facing is deliver uniformly accurate description for both finite extended systems. Herein, we perform reliable well-converged periodic calculations of two doubly (DHAs), XYG3 XYGJ-OS, demonstrate good accuracy DHAs achieved molecules transferable semiconductors insulators. Such an...

With the rapid development of multiterminal direct current (MTDC) grids, high-voltage circuit breakers (HV-DCCB) capable interrupting currents within 5 ms are in urgent demand. The mechanical DCCB has always been one main proposals for HV-DCCBs. commutation is prerequisite DCCBs to interrupt successfully. Focused on difficulty, a novel investigated this paper. A simulation model MTDC system fault interruption was established PSCAD. By analyzing results, detailed transient varying patterns...

Featuring low communication requirements and high reliability, the voltage droop control method is widely adopted in source converter based multi-terminal direct current (VSC-MTDC) system for autonomous DC regulation power-sharing. However, traditional with fixed gain criticized over-limit deviation case of large power disturbances, which can threaten stable operation entire VSC-MTDC system. To tackle this problem, paper proposes an adaptive reference method, changes to compensate...

Themodular multilevel converter-based multiterminal HVDC (MMC-MTDC) technology has been applied to the Nanao project, which was commissioned successfully in China, and shown many advantages. However, how connect an offline MMC station into operating MTDC system smoothly without expensive dc circuit breakers presents a huge challenge. Making full use of structural characteristics MMC, proposed strategy implements smooth connection by sequential operations disconnectors (DSs) at positive...

With the development of power electronics technology, numerous studies have been conducted on voltage‐source converter‐based high‐voltage DC (VSC‐HVDC) transmission technology and low‐voltage micro‐grids. However, distribution networks are more sophisticated than HVDC with respect to complex topology, changeable operation modes use diverse electronic devices. Research medium‐voltage (VSC‐MVDC) is still in its infancy stage, whether or not some existing control protection schemes used...

Half‐bridge modular multi‐level converter‐based multi‐terminal HVDC (HB‐MMC‐MTDC) technology is increasingly adopted as a promising option in the power transmission and distribution fields. However, how to cut off DC fault currents safely ensure continuous operation of healthy parts HB‐MMC‐MTDC system under faults presents huge challenge. This study proposes generalised protection strategy on use new RL‐fault current limiter (FCL) branch hybrid circuit breakers (CBs), deal with bipolar for...

Modular multilevel converter (MMC) based medium voltage DC (MVDC) distribution system has become a promising option in the future smart grid architecture due to many distinguishing features. However, MMC-MVDC is prone face short-term outage problem during bipolar faults, so how implement fault ride-through (FRT) capability for still challenge. This paper intends change redundant half-bridge submodules (HBSMs) of HB-MMC into full-bridge (FBSMs), thus, practical FRT method proposed by using...

The isolated bidirectional dc/dc converter (IBdc) plays an important role in dc buses connection, voltage conversion, electrical isolation, and power transmission for distribution networks. In this article, a multiple modular IBdc scheme based on hybrid dual-active-bridge (HDAB) medium-voltage high-voltage network is proposed. proposed HDAB, the switches upper position of full-bridge are replaced by half-bridge submodules, HDAB maintains advantages conventional DAB achieves fault handling...

Half-bridge modular multilevel converter (HB-MMC)-based multiterminal HVdc (MTdc) technology is increasingly being adopted as a promising option in the power transmission and distribution fields. However, how to realize continuous operation of HB-MMC-based MTdc system under dc bipolar faults presents considerable challenge. Making full use characteristics hybrid circuit breakers, reactor sizing criterion for meshed developed based on dynamic behavior fault current HB-MMC. It contributes cut...

In DC distribution networks, the uncertainties of renewable energies and loads cause frequent voltage fluctuations. this paper, a regulation strategy based on combined coordination centralized optimal control (COC) adaptive droop (ADC) is proposed for droop-controlled networks. COC strategy, operation reference power source converters (VSCs) optimized using bus injection measurements to improve profile balance loading rates different VSCs. The VSC capacity margin constraint established...

The DC distribution technology brings challenges and opportunities to the penetration of large‐scale distributed renewable energy sources. In a medium‐voltage (MVDC) network, operation mode switch occurs owing some large disturbances. To manage these disturbances achieve seamless mode, hierarchical control strategy with two layers, namely local global is proposed in this work. novel layer controller called P–U–I designed enhance voltage stability, improve system controllability suppress...

Hybrid high-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission systems employ a new type of HVDC topology that combines the advantages line-commutated converter system and voltage-source system. They can improve efficiency reliability long-distance power transmission. However, realizing alternating-current (AC) grid-fault ride through on inverter side hybrid is challenge considering based (VSC-HVDC) used side. In this study, control strategy for an overvoltage fixed trigger angle power-balance...

High-frequency dc solid-state transformer (DCSST) plays an important role in DC bus connection, voltage conversion, electrical isolation, and bidirectional power transmission distribution networks. In various DSSCT topologies, the dual-active-bridge (DAB) scheme becomes a typical solution for DCSST due to its advantages. However, DAB still has drawbacks during practical applications. this article, with half-bridge submodules (HSDAB) is proposed. By replacing switches front bridge arm (SMs),...

Abstract Lignin, as the world's second-largest biomass resource, has a low utilization rate. Converting lignin into high-value chemicals can not only alleviate shortage of fossil fuels but also reduce environmental pollution caused by indiscriminate accumulation and combustion. In this study, method for preparing phenolic compounds depolymerization calcium lignosulfonate (CLS) catalyzed solid base oxides was proposed. MgO, NiO, Fe2O3, binary metal (MgFeOx NiFeOx), ternary oxide (NiMgFeOx)...