To find out the effect of ethanol extract Dactyloctenium aegyptium (D. aegyptium) on fertility male albino rats. Experimental animals were divided in four groups six each. Group first received normal saline and served as control. The second, third fourth administered with ethanolic D. at a dose 200, 400, 600 mg/kg body weight, respectively for period 30 days. A non significant increase bodyweight decrease weight testes, accessory sex organs, reduction sperm count, motility abnormality...

Introduction: Hypertension is one of the leading risk factors for global burden disease and rising public health concerns in developing world including Nepal. However, few studies have focused on awareness, treatment, control hypertension among people living with this condition. In scenario, study aimed to find out prevalence its hypertensive patients residing different parts Kaski district, Nepal.
 Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional was performed 977 family members 290 households...

Objective. The present study is aimed at evaluating the side effects of antidepressant drugs, medication adherence (MA), and associated factors among patients diagnosed with depression a psychiatric hospital in western Nepal. Methods. A prospective cross-sectional was conducted 174 visiting outpatient clinic hospital. effect checklist (ASEC) used to classify reported drug into mild, moderate, severe types. Naranjo adverse reaction (ADR) probability scale employed assess ADRs, Morisky Green...

The present study was aimed to compare the effect of calcium channel blocker (Amlodipine, Cilnidipine and Diltiazem) on lipid profiles hypertensive rats fed with high fat diet for four weeks. Hypertensive were randomly allocated into groups except remaining all received 4 At end protocol blood pressure measured by tail cuff method is withdrawn from retro-orbital puncture, separated serum used assessment various biochemical parameters. Finally liver aorta isolated histological changes....

Introduction: Cosmetics are a significant source of heavy metals, as they contain various chemicals ingredients and additives. There concerns about the presence hazardous in cosmetics, including metals. The objective this study was to assess levels specifically lead (Pb), Cadmium (Cd), Arsenic (As), bathing soaps, shampoos, face creams, bulk powders sold Nepal.
 Methods: Fourteen different brands creams were purchased from local markets major cities seven provinces Nepal determine...

Aims: To evaluate the effect of ascorbic acid on co-trimoxazole induced hyperbilirubinemia.Place and Duration Study: Laboratory Raghavendra Institute Pharmaceutical Education & Research (RIPER), between July 8, 2014 to 23, 2014.Methodology: Rats were divided into three groups six each, Control group treated with vehicle, Negative control (36 mg/kg body weight) Test (500 mg/kg) weight). All once daily for a period 15 days. After one hour oral administration, blood collected by retro-orbital...

Background Several diseases co-exist with diabetes such as hypertension, and dyslipidemia, leading to cases of non-adherence, several drug interactions, an increased risk adverse reactions among patients, which are often termed drug-related problems (DRPs). The role pharmacists in high-income countries is well-defined identifying DRPs type 2 patients. However, these roles still need be explored within low- middle-income countries. study aimed identify Type diabetic Methods A community-based...

ABSTRACT Introduction: Pandemics initially produce overwhelming feelings of anxiety and uncertainty, which gradually give way to unfavorable emotions like stress, worry, melancholy that can lead societal unrest mental illness. Families solely depending upon the money sent by their family members from abroad have no other source income are at greater risk psychological stress. Methods: A web-based, cross-sectional survey was conducted among heads who older than 18 years willing oral consent...

Anticoagulants have a wide spectrum of use and risks associated with their therapy due to narrow therapeutic range. This study aimed evaluate the anticoagulant utilization cost analysis in patients admitted cardiology ward tertiary care hospital western Nepal.A prospective cohort was conducted Manipal Teaching Hospital (MTH), Pokhara, Kaski, Nepal, from August November 2019. All (n = 132) aged ≥18 years either gender receiving anticoagulants for any indication were included study....

Background Medical abortion (MA) refers to the use of medicines terminate pregnancy. There is an urgent need spread safe services in community. This study assessed MA kit dispensing practices community pharmacies Pokhara Valley, Nepal. Methods A cross-sectional descriptive was conducted Nepal from December 2017 November 2018. Among 115 were selected using a consecutive sampling method. semi-structured questionnaire used collect data. and related information requested by simulated male...

UV-Visible spectroscopy method has been developed for the analysis of Thiamine in biological and pharmaceutical product, based on a chromogenic derivatizing reaction using PDAB (P- dimethyl amino benzaldehyde) reagent. A Central Composite Design (CCD) design with response surface methodology was executed optimization experimental conditions drug smaller number trials. Three independent factors, concentration PDAB, volume reagent, HCl, were used to construct mathematical model study effects...


 Background: COVID-19 pandemic has forced educational institutions throughout the world to shut, putting academic calendars in jeopardy. To continue activities, most have switched online mode of learning.
 Objective: Against this backdrop, study aims identify perception and attitude undergraduate students towards e-learning during Covid-19 pandemic, determine learning characteristics across different year, explore factors that influence activities students.
 Method: The...

Background: The present study determined the prescription pattern of antidepressants, adverse drug reactions (ADRs), level adherence, and factors affecting it.
 Methods: This prospective cross-sectional was conducted with depression patients (n=174; 55.74% female) from August 2019 to November at a psychiatric hospital Pokhara, Kaski, Nepal. Naranjo ADR Probability Scale employed assess ADRs. rate medication adherence (MA) using Morisky MA Measurement Scale-Eight. Descriptive statistics...

Introduction: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained cardiac rhythm disturbance, increasing in prevalence with age. It often associated structural heart disease, although a substantial proportion of patients AF have no detectable disease. Hemodynamic impairment and thromboembolic events related to result significant morbidity, mortality, cost. Several factors are prescription oral anticoagulants. This review predicts overall that anticoagulant utilization AF.
 Methods:...

The use of sanitizers in the COVID19 pandemic is very common. While using Nepal, we have found people having problems with skin irritation and rashes; hence it was felt to know amount glycerol used as an emollient. A validated UV visible spectrophotometric Reverse-phase High-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method designed determine locally available sanitizers. showed variation amount, ranging from 0.78 1.66 g 0.75 1.62 g/100 mL by HPLC UV, respectively. sanitizer samples less...

Background: Food security refers to accessing desirable, nutritious, and healthy foods live a productive life. Household food insecurity is an underlying cause of malnutrition in children. In this study, the household its influence on nutritional status under-five year children were investigated. Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted from August November 2019 Syangja district Nepal. Of six rural municipalities district, Phedikhola Rural Municipality selected using lottery...