Objective The objective of this study was to compare the interictal cortical response a visual stimulus between migraine with aura (MWA), without (MwoA), and control subjects. Methods In prospective case-control study, blood oxygen level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging (BOLD fMRI) used assess arterial spin labeled perfusion MR determine resting cerebral flow. A standardized questionnaire discomfort. Results Seventy-five subjects (25 MWA, 25 MwoA, controls) were studied. BOLD...

There is a long history and growing interest in the canine as subject of study neuroscience research translational neurology. In last few years, anatomical functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies awake anesthetized dogs have been reported. Such efforts can be enhanced by population atlas brain anatomy to implement group analyses. Here we present derived diffeomorphic average fifteen mesaticephalic dogs. The includes: 1) A template from in-vivo, T1-weighted at 1 mm isotropic...

To what extent are spontaneous neural signals within striate cortex organized by vision? We examined the fine-scale pattern of correlations and between hemispheres in rest-state BOLD fMRI data from sighted blind people. In sighted, we find that corticocortico correlation is well modeled as a Gaussian point-spread function across millimeters cortical surface, rather than degrees visual angle. Blindness produces subtle change hemispheres. Across participants before age 18, degree alteration...

Objective The objectives of this article are to compare interictal and ictal visual sensitivity between migraine controls using two published questionnaires, correlate responses with a physiologic measure cortex activation. Methods Migraine (MWA, n = 51) without (MwoA, 45) aura control individuals ( were enrolled underwent BOLD fMRI stimulus. discomfort score (VDS) assessed the photophobia (MPS) sensitivity. Result VDS was significantly higher both in MWA MwoA vs (both p < 0.0001). MPS...

Objective: Previous studies have reported gray matter alterations in patients with migraine, particularly thinning of the cingulate gyrus, and thickening somatosensory cortex (SSC) visual motion processing areas (V3A/MT+). We attempted to replicate these findings a larger patient population. Methods: Brain anatomy was collected 3T MRI. Surface-based morphometry used segment each brain volume, reconstruct inflate cortical sheet, estimate thickness. Results: Eighty-four age sex-matched...

Many structural and functional brain alterations accompany blindness, with substantial individual variation in these effects. In normally sighted people, there is correlated some visual pathway structures. Here we examined if the changes anatomy produced by blindness alter patterns of anatomical found sighted. We derived eight measures central from a image 59 53 blind people. These showed highly significant differences mean size between cohorts. When measurements across individuals within...

Signals from cones are recombined in postreceptoral channels [luminance, L + M; red-green, − blue-yellow, S (L M)]. The melanopsin-containing retinal ganglion cells also active at daytime light levels and recent psychophysical results suggest that melanopsin contributes to conscious vision humans. Here, we measured BOLD fMRI responses spectral modulations separately targeted the cone melanopsin. Responses spatially uniform (27.5° field size, central 5° obscured) flicker 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16,...

Objective The objective of this study was to determine whether white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) in subjects with migraine are related alterations resting cerebral blood flow (CBF). Methods Migraine aura (MWA), without (MwoA), and control were enrolled a 1:1:1 ratio. WMH load scored based on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery/T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using previously established semi-quantitative scale. Global regional CBFs quantified arterial spin labelled perfusion...

Objective To compare the prevalence of an incomplete circle Willis in patients with migraine aura, without and control subjects, correlate variations alterations cerebral perfusion. Methods Migraine subjects were prospectively enrolled a 1∶1∶1 ratio. Magnetic resonance angiography was performed to examine anatomy arterial spin labeled perfusion magnetic imaging measure blood flow. A standardized template rating system used categorize variants. The primary pre-specified outcome frequency...

Spontaneous neural activity within visual cortex is synchronized by both monosynaptic, hierarchical connections between areas and indirect, network-level activity. We examined the interplay of network connectivity in human measuring organization spontaneous signals total darkness using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Twenty-five blind (14 congenital 11 postnatal) participants with equally severe vision loss 22 sighted subjects were studied. An anatomical template based on...

Previously, we and others have shown that attention can enhance visual processing in a spatially specific manner is retinotopically mapped the occipital cortex. However, it difficult to appreciate functional significance of spatial pattern cortical activation just by examining brain maps. In this study, visualize neural representation "spotlight" using back-projection attention-related onto diagram field. two main experiments, examine topography attentional parietal cortices. retinotopic...

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND Cortical pathology in multiple sclerosis (MS) has been associated with prolonged and progressive disease. 7T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides enhanced visualization of cortical lesions (CLs). Hence, we conducted a pilot study to explore whether CLs occur early MS, as evidenced by pediatric‐onset patients. METHODS A total 8 MS patients were imaged using MRI. annotated on T1‐weighted magnetization‐prepared rapid acquisition gradient echoes images leukocortical...

Purpose Thalamic nuclei are largely invisible in conventional MRI due to poor contrast. Thalamus Optimized Multi‐Atlas Segmentation (THOMAS) provides automatic segmentation of 12 thalamic using white‐matter‐nulled (WMn) Magnetization Prepared Rapid Gradient Echo (MPRAGE) sequence at 7T, but increases overall scan duration. Routinely acquired, bias‐corrected 2 (MP2RAGE) yields superior tissue contrast and quantitative T1 maps. Application THOMAS MP2RAGE has been investigated this study....

Purpose: To examine how severe congenital blindness resulting from mutations of the GUCY2D gene alters brain structure and function, to relate these findings notable preservation retinal architecture in this form Leber amaurosis (LCA). Methods: Six GUCY2D-LCA patients (ages 20–46) were studied with optical coherence tomography retina multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain. Measurements group compared those obtained populations normally sighted controls people a variety causes....

Purpose: Variation in retinal thickness with eye size complicates efforts to estimate ganglion cell number from optical coherence tomography (OCT) measures. We examined the relationship among axial length, and volume of layer (GCL), optic chiasm. Methods: used OCT measure GCL over 50 degrees horizontal meridian healthy participants a wide range lengths. Using model informed by individual biometry, we converted tissue per square degree. also measured chiasm for 40 using magnetic resonance...

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Pediatric‐onset multiple sclerosis (POMS) is associated with focal inflammatory lesions and the loss of cortical deep gray matter. Optic neuritis (ON) white matter (WM) in visual pathway can directly contribute to mantle thinning. We determine relative contributions MS insult on anterior posterior integrity. METHODS High‐ low‐contrast acuity, optical coherence tomography (OCT), 3T MRI scans were obtained from 20 POMS patients (10 remote ON) 22 age‐ sex‐matched...

Abstract We have previously demonstrated that pediatric‐onset multiple sclerosis (POMS) negatively impacts the visual pathway as well motor processing speed. Relationships between MS‐related diffuse structural damage of gray and white matter (WM) tissue cortical responses to stimuli remain poorly understood. used magnetoencephalography in 14 POMS patients 15 age‐ sex‐matched healthy controls assess gamma (30–80 Hz), (60–90 beta (15–30 Hz) oscillatory a visual‐motor task. Then, 3T MRI was to:...

The limbic system is involved in memory and processing of emotional stimuli. We measured volume the hippocampus, amygdala, thalamus, assessed their relative contribution to episodic emotion identification POMS. Sixty-five POMS participants (Mage = 18.3 ± 3.9 years; 48 female (73.8%)), average disease duration 3.8 years) 76 age- sex-matched controls 18.1 4.6 49 (64.5%)) completed Penn Computerized Neurocognitive Battery (PCNB); 59 65 69 out underwent 3 T MRI scanning. derived age-adjusted...

Abstract Many structural and functional brain alterations accompany blindness, with substantial individual variation in these effects. In normally sighted people, there is correlated some visual pathway structures. Here we examined if the changes anatomy produced by blindness alter patterns of anatomical found sighted. We derived eight measures central from a image 59 53 blind people. These showed highly significant differences mean size between cohorts. When measurements across individuals...

To address whether the number of oligoclonal bands (OCBs) is predictive disease course activity and progression in multiple sclerosis (MS).