A5081377951- Rabies epidemiology and control
- Microbial infections and disease research
- Poxvirus research and outbreaks
- Yersinia bacterium, plague, ectoparasites research
- Viral Infections and Vectors
- Virology and Viral Diseases
- Viral Infections and Outbreaks Research
- Bat Biology and Ecology Studies
- Zoonotic diseases and public health
- Streptococcal Infections and Treatments
- Wildlife Ecology and Conservation
- COVID-19 and Mental Health
- Infectious Encephalopathies and Encephalitis
- Herpesvirus Infections and Treatments
- Viral Infections and Immunology Research
- Mosquito-borne diseases and control
- Erythrocyte Function and Pathophysiology
- Human-Animal Interaction Studies
- Bacillus and Francisella bacterial research
- Toxoplasma gondii Research Studies
- Respiratory viral infections research
- COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- Animal Virus Infections Studies
- Infection Control and Ventilation
- Venomous Animal Envenomation and Studies
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
2011-2023
National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases
2011-2023
Center for Disease Control
2023
University of Glasgow
2022
New Mexico Department of Health
2022
New Mexico Department of Game and Fish
2022
Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries
2013
University of Tennessee at Knoxville
2013
Central Institute for Research on Goats
2013
Indian Council of Agricultural Research
2013
A direct rapid immunohistochemical test (dRIT) was evaluated under field and laboratory conditions to detect rabies virus antigen in frozen glycerol-preserved brain samples from northwestern Tanzania. Compared the fluorescent antibody test, traditional standard diagnosis, dRIT 100% sensitive specific.
In nature, rabies virus (RABV; genus Lyssavirus, family Rhabdoviridae) represents an assemblage of phylogenetic lineages, associated with specific mammalian host species. Although it is generally accepted that RABV evolved originally in bats and further shifted to carnivores, mechanisms such shifts are poorly understood, examples rarely present surveillance data. Outbreaks carnivores caused by a variant, big brown bats, occurred repeatedly during 2001–2009 the Flagstaff area Arizona. After...
Abstract To provide molecular and virologic evidence that domestic dog rabies is no longer enzootic to the United States identify putative relatives of dog-related viruses (RVs) circulating in other carnivores, we studied RVs associated with recent historic enzootics worldwide. Molecular, phylogenetic, epizootiologic shows States. Nonetheless, our data suggest independent are now established wild terrestrial carnivores (skunks California north-central States, gray foxes Texas Arizona,...
Significance In Latin America, vampire bat rabies constrains livestock production and is the main cause of lethal human outbreaks. Despite knowledge that dispersal prevents viral extinction compromises control campaigns, movement patterns infected bats are unknown. Using large host virus datasets, we illustrate a genetic approach to link population level pathogen spatial spread overcomes logistical limitations tracking animal in wild. The results implicate male as contributing...
Before the introduction of control programs in 20th century, rabies domestic dogs occurred throughout Western Hemisphere. However, historical records and phylogenetic analysis multiple virus isolates indicate that, before arrival first European colonizers, was likely present only bats skunks. Canine either rare or absent among Native Americans, arrived when many new dog breeds were imported during period colonization. The cosmopolitan lyssavirus variant marked expansion population provided...
Rabies, resulting from infection by Rabies virus (RABV) and related lyssaviruses, is one of the most deadly zoonotic diseases responsible for up to 70,000 estimated human deaths worldwide each year. Rapid accurate laboratory diagnosis rabies essential timely administration post-exposure prophylaxis in humans control disease animals. Currently, only direct fluorescent antibody (DFA) test recommended routine diagnosis. Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) based diagnostic...
In-person learning benefits children and communities (1).Understanding the context in which transmission of SARS-CoV-2, virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 , occurs schools is critical to improving safety inperson learning.During December 1, 2020-January 22, 2021, Cobb Douglas Public Health (CDPH), Georgia Department (GDPH), CDC investigated SARS-CoV-2 eight public elementary a single school district.COVID-19 cases* among educators students were either self-reported or identified by...
Rates of evolution span orders magnitude among RNA viruses with important implications for viral transmission and emergence. Although the tempo is often ascribed to features such as mutation rates mode, these factors alone cannot explain variation closely related viruses, where host biology might operate more strongly on evolution. Here, we analyzed sequence data from hundreds rabies collected bats throughout Americas describe dramatic in speed virus when circulating ecologically distinct...
Determining the genetic pathways that viruses traverse to establish in new host species is crucial predict outcome of cross-species transmission but poorly understood for most host–virus systems. Using sequences encoding 78% rabies virus genome, we explored extent, repeatability and dynamic evolution associated with multiple shifts among New World bats. Episodic bursts positive selection were detected several viral proteins, including regions cell interaction replication. Host involved...
Abstract OBJECTIVE To describe rabies and rabies-related events occurring during 2015 in the United States. DESIGN Observational study based on passive surveillance data. ANIMALS All animals submitted for testing States 2015. PROCEDURES State territorial public health programs provided data Data were analyzed temporally geographically to assess trends domestic sylvatic animal cases. RESULTS During 2015, 50 states Puerto Rico reported 5,508 rabid CDC, representing an 8.7% decrease from 6,033...
ABSTRACT Bat rabies and its transmission to humans other species in Mexico were investigated. Eighty-nine samples obtained from rabid livestock, cats, dogs, studied by antigenic typing partial sequence analysis. Samples further compared with enzootic associated different of bats the Americas. Patterns nucleotide variation allowed definition at least 20 monophyletic clusters 9 or more bat species. Several lineages distinctive patterns found viruses related vampire Mexico. Vampire virus...
Abstract In recent years, the number of human rabies cases in People's Republic China has increased during severe epidemics 3 southern provinces (Guizhou, Guangxi, and Hunan). To analyze causes high incidence this region, 2005–2007, we collected 2,887 brain specimens from apparently healthy domestic dogs used for meat consumption restaurants, 4 suspected rabid dogs, humans with provinces. Partial nucleoprotein gene sequences were obtained rabies-positive specimens. Phylogenetic relationships...
Abstract After a human rabies outbreak in southeastern Peru, we collected bats to estimate the prevalence of various species. Among 165 from 6 genera and 10 species, 10.3% were antibody positive; was similar vampire nonvampire bats. Thus, may also be source for Peru.
Rabies is a rapidly progressive lyssavirus encephalitis that statistically 100% fatal. There are no clinically effective antiviral drugs for rabies. An immunologically naïve teenager survived rabies in 2004 through improvised supportive care; since then, 5 additional survivors have been associated with use of the so-called Milwaukee Protocol (MP). The MP applies critical care focused on altered metabolic and physiologic states aim this study was to examine profile cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)...
During the past decade, incidence of human infection with rabies virus (RABV) spread by common vampire bat (Desmodus rotundus) increased considerably in South America, especially remote areas Amazon rainforest, where these bats commonly feed on humans. To better understand epizootiology associated bats, we used complete sequences nucleoprotein gene to infer phylogenetic relationships among 157 RABV isolates collected from humans, domestic animals, and wildlife, including Peru during...
Abstract During the past decade, incidence of human infection with rabies virus (RABV) spread by common vampire bat (Desmodus rotundus) increased considerably in South America, especially remote areas Amazon rainforest, where these bats commonly feed on humans. To better understand epizootiology associated bats, we used complete sequences nucleoprotein gene to infer phylogenetic relationships among 157 RABV isolates collected from humans, domestic animals, and wildlife, including Peru during...
Understanding the transmission dynamics of generalist pathogens that infect multiple host species is essential for their effective control. Only by identifying those populations are critical to permanent maintenance pathogen, as opposed in which outbreaks result ‘spillover’ infections, can control measures be appropriately directed. Rabies virus capable infecting a wide range species, but many ecosystems, particular variants circulate among only limited potential populations. The Serengeti...
To inform prevention strategies, we assessed the extent of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission and settings in which occurred a Georgia public school district.During 1 December 2020-22 January 2021, SARS-CoV-2-infected index cases their close contacts schools were identified by health officials. For in-school contacts, symptoms offered SARS-CoV-2 reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing; performed epidemiologic investigations...
Abstract Background The frequent occurrence of ferret badger-associated human rabies cases in southeast China highlights the lack laboratory-based surveillance and urges revisiting potential importance this animal transmission. To determine if badgers actually contribute to dog cases, possible origin region, an active survey was conducted frequency infection seroprevalence dogs badgers. Methods A retrospective on epidemics performed Zhejiang, Jiangxi Anhui provinces China. brain tissues from...
SUMMARY In February 2008, three white-nosed coatis ( Nasua narica ) were found dead in a recreational park Cancun, Mexico. The diagnosis of rabies virus (RABV) infection was confirmed by direct immunofluorescence test. phylogenetic analysis performed with the complete RABV nucleoprotein gene positioned this isolate close to sequence human case reported during 2008 from Oaxaca, Mexico, sharing 93% similarity. turn, these two variants are related another variant rabid Tadarida brasiliensis...
Abstract During the past decade, incidence of human infection with rabies virus (RABV) spread by common vampire bat (Desmodus rotundus) increased considerably in South America, especially remote areas Amazon rainforest, where these bats commonly feed on humans. To better understand epizootiology associated bats, we used complete sequences nucleoprotein gene to infer phylogenetic relationships among 157 RABV isolates collected from humans, domestic animals, and wildlife, including Peru during...