The use of molecular techniques for parentage analysis has been a booming science over decade. most important technological breakthrough was the introduction microsatellite markers to ecology, an advance that accompanied by proliferation and refinement statistical data. Over last several years, we have seen steady progress in number areas related analysis, prospects successful studies continue improve. Here, provide updated guide scientists interested embarking on natural or artificial...

Evolutionary origins of derived morphologies ultimately stem from changes in protein structure, gene regulation, and content. A well-assembled, annotated reference genome is a central resource for pursuing these molecular phenomena underlying phenotypic evolution. We explored the Gulf pipefish (Syngnathus scovelli), which belongs to family Syngnathidae (pipefishes, seahorses, seadragons). These fishes have dramatically bodies remarkable novelty among vertebrates, male brood pouch. produce...

In many taxa, males and females are very distinct phenotypically, these differences often reflect divergent selective pressures acting on the sexes. Phenotypic sexual dimorphism almost certainly reflects differing patterns of gene expression between sexes, microarray studies have documented widespread sexually dimorphic expression. Although evolutionary significance in remains unresolved, led to formulation a hypothesis that male-driven evolution has resulted masculinization animal...

Animal hosts must co-exist with beneficial microbes while simultaneously being able to mount rapid, non-specific, innate immune responses pathogenic microbes. How this balance is achieved not fully understood, and disruption of relationship can lead disease. Excessive inflammatory resident are characteristic certain gastrointestinal pathologies such as bowel disease (IBD). The dysregulation IBD has complex genetic underpinnings that cannot be recapitulated single-gene-knockout models. A...

Recent studies of interactions between hosts and their resident microbes have revealed important ecological evolutionary consequences that emerge from these complex interspecies relationships, including diseases occur when the go awry. Given preponderance interactions, we hypothesized effects microbiota on gene expression in developing gut—an aspect host biology—would be pervasive, would both comparable magnitude to contingent genetic background. To evaluate microbiota, genotype, interaction...

Seahorses, pipefishes, and seadragons are fishes from the family Syngnathidae that have evolved extraordinary traits including male pregnancy, elongated snouts, loss of teeth, dermal bony armor. The developmental genetic cellular changes led to evolution these largely unknown. Recent syngnathid genome assemblies revealed suggestive gene content differences provided opportunity for detailed analyses. We created a single-cell RNA sequencing atlas Gulf pipefish embryos understand basis four...

Abstract Aim To elucidate the historical phylogeography of dusky pipefish ( Syngnathus floridae ) in North American Atlantic and Gulf Mexico ocean basins. Location Southern Ocean northern within continental United States. Methods A 394‐bp fragment mitochondrial cytochrome b gene a 235‐bp control region were analysed from individuals 10 locations. Phylogenetic reconstruction, haplotype network, mismatch distributions analysis molecular variance used to infer population structure between...

Seadragons are a remarkable lineage of teleost fishes in the family Syngnathidae, renowned for having evolved male pregnancy. Comprising three known species, seadragons widely recognized and admired their fantastical body forms coloration, specific habitat requirements have made them flagship representatives marine conservation natural history interests. Until recently, gap has been lack significant genomic resources seadragons. We produced gene-annotated, chromosome-scale genome models...

The Gulf pipefish Syngnathus scovelli has emerged as an important species for studying sexual selection, development, and physiology. Comparative evolutionary genomics research involving fishes from Syngnathidae depends on having a high-quality genome assembly annotation. However, the first S. assembled using short-read sequences smaller RNA-sequence dataset limited contiguity relatively poor Here, PacBio long-read high-fidelity proximity ligation library, we generate improved to obtain 22...

Evolutionary studies have revealed that reproductive proteins in animals and plants often evolve more rapidly than the genome-wide average. The causes of this pattern, which may include relaxed purifying selection, sexual conflict, pathogen resistance, reinforcement, or gene duplication, remain elusive. Investigative expansions to additional taxa tissues potential shed new light on unresolved problem. Here, we embark such an expansion, a comparison brood-pouch transcriptome between two...

Syngnathid fishes (pipefishes, seahorses, and seadragons) exhibit a wide array of mating systems ranging from monogamy with long-term pair bonds to more promiscuous systems, such as polyandry polygynandry. Some including the dwarf seahorse Hippocampus zosterae, have been found be socially monogamous. Although several species also shown genetically monogamous, parentage analysis has not yet applied seahorse. We developed 8 novel microsatellites for conduct genetic confirm that this is indeed...

Wolbachia is a maternally transmitted endosymbiotic bacteria that infects wide variety of arthropod and nematode hosts. The effects on host biology are far-reaching include changes in gene expression. However, previous work the transcriptional response has generally been investigated context single genotype. Thus, relative effect infection versus vs. genotype expression unknown. Here, we explicitly test roles by comparing ovarian transcriptomes 4 strains Drosophila melanogaster (D....

Multicellular organisms interact with resident microbes in important ways, and a better understanding of host-microbe interactions is aided by tools such as high-throughput 16S sequencing. However, rigorous evaluation the veracity these different context from which they were developed has often lagged behind. Our goal was to perform one critical test examining how variation tissue preparation DNA isolation could affect inferences about gut microbiome between two genetically divergent lines...

A major focus of host-microbe research is to understand how genetic differences, various magnitudes, among hosts translate differences in their microbiomes. This has been challenging for animal hosts, including humans, because it difficult control environmental variables tightly enough isolate direct effects on the microbiome. Our work stickleback fish a significant contribution our experimental approach allowed strict over factors, standardization microbiome from earliest stage development...

Abstract The vertebrate sodium–iodide symporter (NIS or SLC5A5) transports iodide into the thyroid follicular cells that synthesize hormone. SLC5A protein family includes transporters of vitamins, minerals, and nutrients. Disruption SLC5A5 function by perchlorate, a pervasive environmental contaminant, leads to human pathologies, especially hypothyroidism. Perchlorate also disrupts sexual development model animals, including threespine stickleback ( Gasterosteus aculeatus ) zebrafish Danio...

Seahorses, pipefishes, and seadragons are fishes from the family Syngnathidae that have evolved extraordinary traits including male pregnancy, elongated snouts, loss of teeth, dermal bony armor. The developmental genetic cellular changes led to evolution these largely unknown. Recent syngnathid genomes revealed suggestive gene content differences provide opportunity for detailed analyses. We created a single cell RNA sequencing atlas Gulf pipefish embryos understand basis four traits:...

The opercle is a prominent craniofacial bone supporting the gill cover in all bony fish and has been subject of morphological, developmental, genetic investigation. We surveyed shapes this among 110 families spanning teleost tree examined its pattern occupancy principal component-based morphospace. Contrasting with expectations from literature that suggest local morphospace would be only sparsely occupied, we find primarily dense, broad filling morphological landscape, indicating rich...

In many animals, sperm competition and sexual conflict are thought to drive the rapid evolution of male-specific genes, especially those expressed in testes. A potential exception occurs male pregnant pipefishes, where females transfer eggs males, eliminating testes from participating these processes. Here, we show that testis-related genes differ dramatically their rates molecular expression patterns pipefishes seahorses (Syngnathidae) compared other fish. Genes involved testis or function...

Abstract Selection, via host immunity, is often required to foster beneficial microbial symbionts and suppress deleterious pathogens. In animals, the immune system at center of this relationship. Failed system-microbial interactions can result in a persistent inflammatory response which indiscriminately attacks resident microbes, times cells themselves, leading diseases such as Ulcerative Colitis, Crohn’s Disease, Psoriasis. Host genetic variation has been linked both microbiome diversity...

Abstract The Gulf pipefish Syngnathus scovelli has emerged as an important species in the study of sexual selection, development, and physiology, among other topics. fish family Syngnathidae, which includes pipefishes, seahorses, seadragons, become increasingly attractive target for comparative research ecological evolutionary genomics. These endeavors depend on having a high-quality genome assembly annotation. However, first version S. was generated by short-read sequencing annotated using...

Seahorses, pipefishes, and seadragons are fishes from the family Syngnathidae that have evolved extraordinary traits including male pregnancy, elongated snouts, loss of teeth, dermal bony armor. The developmental genetic cellular changes led to evolution these largely unknown. Recent syngnathid genome assemblies revealed suggestive gene content differences provide opportunity for detailed analyses. We created a single cell RNA sequencing atlas Gulf pipefish embryos understand basis four...

Seahorses, pipefishes, and seadragons are fishes from the family Syngnathidae that have evolved extraordinary traits including male pregnancy, elongated snouts, loss of teeth, dermal bony armor. The developmental genetic cellular changes led to evolution these largely unknown. Recent syngnathid genome assemblies revealed suggestive gene content differences provide opportunity for detailed analyses. We created a single cell RNA sequencing atlas Gulf pipefish embryos understand basis four...