Plant growth and development are modulated by concerted actions of a variety signaling molecules. In recent years, evidence has emerged on the roles sugar auxin signals in diverse aspects plant development. Here, based progress genetic analyses gene expression profiling studies, we summarize functional similarities, diversities their interactions regulating two major processes development: cell division expansion. We focus both vegetative reproductive tissues including developing seed.

Abstract Exercise and diet are treatments for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) prediabetes, however, how exercise interventions impact gut microbiota in patients is incompletely understood. We previously reported a 8.6-month, four-arm (Aerobic exercise, n = 29; Diet, 28; Aerobic + No intervention, 29) randomized, singe blinded (for researchers), controlled intervention with NAFLD prediabetes to assess the effect of on primary outcomes fat content glucose metabolism. Here we report...

Abstract Vacuolar invertase (VIN) has long been considered as a major player in cell expansion. However, direct evidence for this view is lacking due, part, to the complexity of multicellular plant tissues. Here, we used cotton (Gossypium spp.) fibers, fast-growing single-celled seed trichomes, address issue. VIN activity elongating fibers was approximately 4-6-fold higher than that leaves, stems, and roots. It undetectable fiberless epidermis but became evident initiating remained high...

Ovule formation is essential for realizing crop yield because it determines seed number. The underlying molecular mechanism, however, remains elusive. Here, we show that cell wall invertase (CWIN) functions as a positive regulator of ovule initiation in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). In situ hybridization revealed CWIN2 and CWIN4 were expressed at the placenta region where primordia initiated. Specific silencing using targeted artificial microRNA driven by an ovule-specific SEEDSTICK...

Summary The control of seed germination in response to environmental conditions is important for plant success. We investigated the role karrikin receptor KARRIKIN INSENSITIVE 2 ( KAI 2) Arabidopsis seeds osmotic stress, salinity and high temperature. Germination kai2 mutant was examined NaCl, mannitol elevated effect on wild‐type seeds, hypocotyl elongation expression karrikin‐responsive genes also such stresses. germinated less readily than more sensitive inhibition by abiotic stress....

Abstract Background Non-coding small RNAs play critical roles in various cellular processes a wide spectrum of eukaryotic organisms. Their responses to abiotic stress have become popular topic economic and scientific importance biological research. Several studies recent years reported number non-coding that map chloroplast genomes. However, it remains uncertain whether are generated from genome how they respond environmental stress, such as high temperature. Chinese cabbage is an important...

Abstract Despite substantial evidence on the essential roles of cell wall invertase (CWIN) in seed filling, it remains largely unknown how CWIN exerts its regulation early development, a critical stage that sets yield potential. To fill this knowledge gap, we systematically examined spatial and temporal expression patterns major gene, GhCWIN1, cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) seeds from prefertilization to prestorage phase. GhCWIN1 messenger RNA was abundant at innermost coat layer 5 d after...

The progress in plant breeding for salinity stress tolerance is handicapped by the lack of understanding specificity salt signalling and adaptation at cellular tissue levels. In this study, we used electrophysiological, fluorescence imaging, real-time quantitative PCR tools to elucidate essentiality cytosolic Na+ extrusion functionally different root zones (elongation, meristem, mature) a large number bread durum wheat accessions. We show that difference root's ability vacuolar sequestration...

Cotton fibers, the most important source of cellulose for global textile industry, are single-celled trichomes derived from ovule epidermis at or just prior to anthesis. Despite progress in understanding cotton fiber elongation and cell-wall biosynthesis, knowledge regarding molecular basis cell initiation, first step development determining yield potential, remains elusive. Here, we provide evidence that expression a vacuolar invertase (VIN) is an early event essential initiation....

Seed number and quality are key traits determining plant fitness crop yield rely on combined competence in male female fertilities. Sucrose metabolism is central to reproductive success. It remains elusive, though, how individual sucrose metabolic enzymes may regulate the complex processes. Here, by silencing vacuolar invertase (VIN) genes cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) organs, we revealed diverse roles that VIN plays multiple A set of phenotypic genetic studies showed significant reductions...

Roots and shoots are distantly located but functionally interdependent. The growth development of these two organ systems compete for energy nutrient resource, yet, they keep a dynamic balance with each other development. success such relationship depends on efficient root-shoot communication. Aside from the well-known signalling processes mediated by hormones as auxin cytokinin, sugars have recently been shown to act rapid signal co-ordinate root shoot in response endogenous exogenous...

Abstract Pollen fertility is critical for successful fertilization and, accordingly, crop yield. While sugar unloading affects the growth and development of all types sink organs, molecular nature import to tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) pollen poorly understood. However, will eventually be exported transporters (SWEETs) have been proposed involved in development. Here, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) revealed that SlSWEET5b was markedly expressed flowers...

Cotton fibres are hair-like single-cells that elongate to several centimetres long after their initiation from the ovule epidermis at anthesis. The accumulation of malate, along with K+ and sugars, is thought play an important role in fibre elongation through osmotic regulation charge balance. However, there a lack evidence for or against such hypothesis. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) key enzyme responsible synthesis malate. potential PEPC cotton examined here. Developmentally,...

Eucalyptin A (1), together with two known compounds 2 and 3 exhibiting potent inhibition on HGF/c-Met axis, was discovered from the fruits of Eucalyptus globulus. 1 possessed an unprecedented carbon framework phloroglucinol-coupled sesquiterpenoid, its structure elucidated by spectroscopic method ECD calculation. brief structure-activity relationship discussion indicated that coupling a phloroglucinol sesquiterpenoid is essential for activity.

Fruit set is a developmental transition from ovaries to fruitlets that determines yield potential. Cell wall invertase (CWIN) essential for fruit and seed set, but the underlying molecular basis remains elusive. We addressed this issue by using CWIN-elevated transgenic tomato, focusing on at 2 d before after anthesis, respectively. RNAseq analyses revealed exhibited remarkable differences in their transcriptomic responses elevated CWIN activity. Ovaries anthesis were far more responsive...

Abstract Background Schizophrenia is a complex and heterogeneous disorder involving multiple regions types of cells in the brain. Despite rapid progress made by genome-wide association studies (GWAS) schizophrenia, mechanisms illness underlying GWAS significant loci remain less clear. Study Design We investigated schizophrenia risk genes using summary-data-based Mendelian randomization based on single-cell sequencing data, explored brain involved through expression weighted cell-type...

Successful seed development requires coordinated interaction of the endosperm and embryo. In most dicotyledonous seeds, is crushed absorbed by expanding embryo in later stages development. Little known about metabolic between two filial tissues early We examined potential role sucrose synthase (Sus) cotton. Sus was immunologically localised cellularising endosperm, but not heart-stage at 10 days after anthesis. The activities acid invertase were significantly higher than young embryos, which...

Cotton fiber is the most important source of cellulose for global textile industry. These hair-like single-celled trichomes develop from ovule epidermis. They are classified into long spinnable lint and short fuzz. A key objective in cotton industry to breed elite cultivars with fuzzless seeds carrying high yield. Molecular basis underlying fuzz initiation remains obscure. Recent studies indicate under control MYB-bHLH-WDR (MBW) transcription factor complex. Based on molecular genetic gene...

Abstract A dual functionalization of 1,1‐diborylalkanes through deoxygenative enolization with carboxylic acids was developed. 1,1‐Diborylalkanes were activated by MeLi to generate α‐monoboryl carbanions. In situ IR spectroscopy indicated an interaction between acid and 1,1‐diborylalkane before addition the activation reagent. Release active carbanion from masked form necessary for its reaction carboxylate afford enolate species. Electrophilic trapping species various electrophiles achieved...

Summary Cell wall invertase (CWIN) hydrolyses sucrose into glucose and fructose in the extracellular matrix plays crucial roles assimilate partitioning sugar signalling. However, molecular regulators controlling CWIN gene transcription remain unknown. As first step to address this issue, we performed bioinformatic transgenic studies, which identified a cohort of factors (TFs) modulating expression Arabidopsis thaliana . Comprehensive analyses 18 TFs as putative AtCWIN2 AtCWIN4 that are...