Pulmonary fibrosis results from an altered deposition of collagen within the lung parenchyma. This alteration is likely result both increased fibroblast proliferation and abnormalities in metabolism. Although development pulmonary preceded by inflammatory events lung, it unclear whether behavior requires continuous exposure to mediators or alternatively emergence populations possessing characteristics such as explain seen fibrosis. To examine latter hypothesis, we have established a number...

Comparison of methods aerosol generation and inhalation is required to improve standardization provocation tests. We compared two widely used in 10 asthmatics, by measuring the dose distribution radiolabeled deposited throat lung, concentration inhaled histamine reduce FEV1 20% (PC20). In one method, was generated a DeVilbiss 646 nebulizer attached dosimeter, 5 inspiratory capacity breaths. The measurements with each method were repeated once determine reproducibility results. Both same but...

The best means for optimal delivery of drugs into lungs infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is uncertain. We aimed to measure radio-aerosol deposition salbutamol by jet nebulizer and metered dose inhalers (MDI) in ventilated non-ventilated BPD infants. In a randomized, crossover sequence, lung was measured using an MDI (2 puffs or 200 μg) sidestream (5 minutes nebulization 100 μg/kg) 10 (mean birthweight, 1.101 g) 13 1,093 prematurely born Non-ventilated inhaled aerosol through...

Early injury of the small airways has been demonstrated in asymptomatic smokers. Ventilatory tests including maximum midexpiratory flow rate and closing volume have useful clinical detection disease symptomatic subjects. In present study, airway "obstruction" was assessed aerodynamically by gamma camera measurements chest radioactivity following inhalation 131I-labeled aerosol (aerodynamic mass median diameter 3 mum). Studies were performed normal subjects, smokers, patients with chronic...

In an attempt to establish the relevance of ciliary ultrastructure pathophysiologic aspects respiratory tract disease, we compared quantitatively and function cilia from healthy subjects (atopic nonatopic nonsmokers, asymptomatic smokers) patients with a variety diseases (cystic fibrosis, chronic rhinitis, bronchiectasis associated hypogammaglobulinemia, bronchitis) primary dyskinesia (PCD). non-PCD approximately 5% evaluated had ultrastructural abnormalities. Ciliary beat frequency was...

The effects of postural drainage, exercise, and cough on mucus clearance were compared in 8 patients with chronic bronchitis. A bolus 99mTc albumin aerosol was inhaled at a high inspiratory flow rate to enhance proximal deposition. Retention deposited the lung, as function time, quantified using gamma camera subsequent computer analysis. Coughing greatly accelerated total lung (P less than 0.005) peripheral clearance. Exercise resulted much smaller changes did cough, but significantly...

The effect of PaCO CO2 on flow resistance and the mechanical work ventilating lung was studied in five normal subjects during sustained voluntary hyperventilation. Hypocapnia caused a consistent increase resistance. Thus, for minute volume approximately 30 liters/ min mean inspiratory 133% greater respiratory lungs 68% at 20–25 mm Hg compared to values 45–50 Hg. End-expiratory pressure compliance were unaffected. Atropine isoproterenol each markedly diminished responsiveness airways low...

We studied the effectiveness of some components a physiotherapy regimen on removal mucus from lungs 6 subjects with cystic fibrosis. On 5 randomized study days, after inhalation 99mTc-human serum albumin aerosol to label primarily large airways, lung radioactivity was measured during 40 min (a) spontaneous cough while at rest (control), (b) postural drainage, (c) drainage plus mechanical percussion, (d) combined maneuvers (postural deep breathing vibrations, and percussion) administered by...

Fibrotic lung tissue shows increased connective deposition and fibroblast proliferation in addition a substantial increase mast cell numbers around the fibrotic area. To elucidate question of whether products cells affect proliferative behaviour structural thereby contribute to fibrogenesis, effect histamine, prominent derived mediator, on vitro primary cultures normal adult human fibroblasts was studied. Histamine enhanced dose dependent manner, with an optimum at physiological...

The effects of exercise and eucapnic hyperventilation on bronchial clearance were assessed in 10 healthy nonsmoking adults. A 99mTc-albumin aerosol was inhaled as a bolus late inspiration under controlled conditions to produce deposition primarily large airways. Lung retention radioactivity quantified using gamma camera subsequent computer analysis. Compared with quiet breathing (control), significantly speeded (P less than 0.05). Resting at levels similar those achieved during produced...

Two inhalation techniques were performed to obtain airway and diffuse deposition of histamine aerosol. A radiotracer method was used confirm the patterns aerosol measure dose in airways. In 5 subjects effect cumulative doses given either centrally or diffusely airways measured. Histamine deposited predominantly large more effective increasing obstruction that aerosol, suggesting receptors mediating action reside mainly

Objective. Masks are an essential interface between valved holding chambers (VHCs), or spacers, and a small child's face for providing aerosol therapy. Clinical experience suggests that many young children do not cooperate with the VHC treatment tolerate mask of any kind. This might impair mask–face seal reduce dose delivered to child. The objective this study was evaluate ability parents provide good in infants toddlers using 3 masks provided commonly used pediatric VHCs compare obtained...

In the myometrium and gut, smooth muscle becomes less contractile during pregnancy, probably because of effect progesterone estrogen. It is not known whether these hormones cause similar changes in airway muscle, and, therefore, this study examined responsiveness large hormonal pregnancy evaluated are associated with (1) estrogen (2) clinical severity asthma. twenty nonpregnant asthmatic women were assessed every 3 months until conception. 16 who conceived, assessments repeated once second...