Highly migratory species are usually expected to have minimal population substructure because strong gene flow has the effect of homogenizing genetic variation over geographical populations, counteracting random drift, selection and mutation. The locust Locusta migratoria belongs a monotypic genus, is an infamous pest insect with exceptional ability – dispersal documented thousand kilometers. Its distributional area greater than that any other or grasshopper, occurring in practically all...

The Qinling Mountains of China provide an excellent study area for assessing the effect Pleistocene climatic oscillations and paleogeological events on intraspecific diversification. To assess genetic diversity endemic stream salamander, Batrachuperus tibetanus, its conservation, a phylogeographical survey was performed based mitochondrial DNA morphological data. data revealed three lineages B. tibetanus in Mountains. A lineage present northwestern groups with Tibet remaining populations are...

Anopheles sinensis is a major vector of malaria in China. The gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-gated chloride channel, encoded by the RDL (Resistant to dieldrin) gene, important target for insecticides widely varied structures. use various agriculture and control has inevitably led development insecticide resistance, which may reduce effectiveness. Therefore, it investigate presence distribution frequency resistance related mutation(s) An. predict both withdrawn cyclodienes (e.g. currently...

Although Mesobuthus scorpions in China have become endangered recent years, they are largely underinvestigated. Even the baseline data on their distributions lacking. Here geographical of two provided through a combined study systematic field surveys and GIS-based ecological niche modeling using 227 surveyed point occurrence across an area ca. 2800 × 1700 km2 validated historical records. martensii (Karsch 1879) appears to be restricted latitude south 43°N north side Yangtze River, bordered...

Anopheles sinensis is a major vector of malaria in China and its control under great threat as the development insecticide resistance. Voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC) target several classes insecticides. Genetic mutations VGSC have been documented to confer knockdown resistance (kdr) dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) pyrethroids mosquitoes. To this efficiently, it important know resistance-associated genetic mutations, their distribution frequencies genealogical relations. Three...

The invasive orange spiny whitefly (OSW) Aleurocanthus spiniferus has extended its distribution to non-native areas since the early 20th century. In a similar manner, tea (TSW) A. camelliae been expanding over East Asia in recent decades. this study, genetic diversity of OSW and TSW their important parasitoid wasp Encarsia smithi was investigated China Japan enable more efficient biological control policies. We detected two phylogenetic groups (haplogroups A1 A2) three (haplotypes B1 B2,...

Abstract Eight polymorphic di‐ and trinucleotide microsatellite loci suitable for population genetic analysis were developed in Locusta migratoria from a partial phagemid genomic library enriched inserts. The expected heterozygosity at these ranges 0.45 to 0.97, with the observed allele numbers varying between nine 45. overall cloning efficiency L. is 14%, suggesting that migratory locusts, sequences are abundant should provide valuable easily accessible source of nuclear markers studies....

Cave animals possess remarkable phenotypes associated with existence in their dark environments. The Chinese cavefish Sinocyclocheilus tileihornes shows substantial eye degeneration, a trait shared by most cave species. extent to which independent evolution of troglomorphic traits uses convergent molecular genetic mechanisms is as yet unknown. We performed transcriptome-wide gene expression profiling S. eyes and compared results those from the closely related surface species angustiporus an...

Abstract The adaptive evolution of visual systems has been observed in many cavefish. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying these adaptations, which include regressive changes such as eye degeneration. Here, we analyzed phylogenetic and expression patterns 6 eye‐related genes ( crx , foxg1b opn1sw2 otx2 rho sox2 ) 12 Sinocyclocheilus species from China, including 8 stygobionts 4 stygophiles, examined photoreceptor cell morphology species. Those eye‐degenerated...

Abstract Single copy nuclear polymorphic (scnp) DNA is potentially a powerful molecular marker for evolutionary studies of populations. However, practical obstacle to its employment the general problem haplotype determination due common occurrence heterozygosity in diploid organisms. We explore here ‘consensus vote’ (CV) approach this question, combining statistical reconstruction and experimental verification using as an example indel‐free scnp from flanking region microsatellite locus...

Abstract Haplotypes contain genealogical information and play a prominent part in population genetic evolutionary studies. However, haplotype inference is complex statistical problem, showing considerable internal algorithm variability among‐algorithm discordance. Thus, haplotypes inferred by algorithms often hidden uncertainties, which may complicate even mislead downstream analysis. Consensus strategy one of the effective means to increase confidence haplotypes. Here, we present consensus...

The potential effectiveness of statistical haplotype inference makes it an area active exploration over the last decade. There are several complications inference, including: same algorithm can produce different solutions for data set, which reflects internal variability; algorithms give reflecting discordance among algorithms; and per se unable to evaluate reliability even if they unique, this being a general limitation all methods. With aim increasing confidence results, consensus strategy...