Economic complexity offers a potentially powerful paradigm to understand key societal issues and challenges of our time. The underlying idea is that growth, development, technological change, income inequality, spatial disparities, resilience are the visible outcomes hidden systemic interactions. study economic seeks structure these interactions how they shape various socioeconomic processes. This emerging field relies heavily on big data machine learning techniques. brief introduction has...

Since the outbreak of COVID-19 in early March 2020, UK supermarkets have implemented different policies to reduce virus transmission stores protect both customers and staff, such as restricting maximum number a store, changes store layout, or enforcing mandatory face covering policy. To quantitatively assess these mitigation methods, we formulate an agent-based model customer movement supermarket (which represent by network) with simple based on amount time spends close proximity infectious...

In many domains we see a proliferation of claims made about how can predict and measure the future city, make visible its form shape settlement. This paper synthesises contemporary debates in data analytics, anthropology, geography history urban thought to consider context such making around futures promise (and promises) attempts as 'lab' or 'observatory' through which might 'see like city'. Building on 'systems systems approach' develops an original PEAK Urban conceptual framing this new...

Abstract Boko Haram has caused nearly 40,000 casualties in Nigeria, Niger, Cameroon and Chad, becoming one of the deadliest Jihadist organisations recent history. At its current rate, takes part more than two events each day, taking lives 11 people daily. Yet, little is known concerning Haram’s internal structure, organisation, mobility. Here, we propose a novel technique to uncover structure based on sequence which terrorist group part. Data from Armed Conflict Location & Event Project...

Countries and cities around the world have resorted to unprecedented mobility restrictions combat COVID-19 transmission. Here we exploit a natural experiment whereby Colombian implemented varied lockdown policies based on ID number gender analyse impact of these urban mobility. Using mobile phone data, find that restrictiveness cities’ quotas (the share residents allowed out daily according policy advice) does not correlate with reduction. Instead, larger, wealthier more formalized complex...

Abstract Economic growth is associated with the diversification of economic activities, which can be observed via evolution product export baskets. Exporting a new dependent on having, and acquiring, specific set capabilities, making process path-dependent. Taking an agnostic view identity here we derive probabilistic model for directed dynamical capability accumulation countries. Using international trade data, identify pre-existing products, Ecosystem, that enables to exported...

There is an emerging consensus in the literature that locally embedded capabilities and industrial know-how are key determinants of growth diversification processes. In order to model these dynamics as a branching process, whereby industries grow function availability related or relevant skills, industry networks typically employed. These networks, sometimes referred spaces, describe complex structure capability skill overlap between pairs, measured here via inter-industry labour flows....

Cities are home to a vast array of amenities, from local barbers science museums and shopping malls. But these unequally distributed across urban space. Using Google Places data combined with trip-based mobility for Bogotá, Colombia, we shed light on the impact neighbourhood amenities patterns. By deriving new accessibility metric that explicitly takes into account spatial range, find higher density is associated likelihood walking as well shorter bus car trips. Digging deeper, use an effect...

Abstract Labour mobility within a large city or metropolitan area is necessary condition for the optimal exploitation of agglomeration economies. We propose method to establish which municipalities should be considered part based on labour market integration. In order aggregate geographically proximate urban municipalities, we develop network-based model that makes industry productivity (manifesting in formal employment creation) dependent firms’ ability find, limits, diversity skills they...

Human activity is organised around daily and weekly cycles, which should, in turn, dominate all types of social interactions, such as transactions, communications, gatherings so on. Yet, despite their strategic importance for policing security, cyclical patterns crime road incidents have been unexplored at the city neighbourhood level. Here we construct a novel method to capture trace, or "heartbeat" events use geotagged data capturing time location more than 200,000 violent crimes nearly...

Internal migration is one of the main driving forces a country's demography. Yet, path-dependent, and critical characteristics internal migration, including propensity to keep moving return previous locations, are frequently ignored. Here, model city-to-city constructed, where movement individuals modelled using frequency distinct sequences or signatures. A key novel feature its ability account for partial information on an individuals' lifetime migrations. We fit this longitudinal data 3.3...

Given the global imperative to meet ‘net zero’, and growing interest in potential for green jobs growth, there is an urgent need better understand drivers processes underlying structural economic transitions. How should we fact define ‘green’ products, technologies? do local economies transition into greener – this generally incremental process or does it require more radical innovation? Building on nascent definitions, recent work emerging from literature Evolutionary Economic Geography...

Abstract It is well-established that the process of learning and capability building core to economic development structural transformation. Since knowledge ‘sticky’, a key component this learning-by-doing, which can be achieved via variety mechanisms including international research collaboration. Uncovering significant inter-country ties using Scopus co-authorship data, we show within-region collaboration has increased over past five decades relative Further supporting insight, find while...

Abstract Despite the key role of multinational enterprises (MNEs) in both international markets and domestic economies, there is no consensus on their impact host economy. In particular, do MNEs stimulate new firms through knowledge spillovers? Here, we look at entry exit industries Irish regions before, during, after 2008 Financial Crisis. Specifically, are interested whether presence a region results spillovers creation related sectors. To quantify how an industry to region’s basket...

As early as the 1920's Marshall suggested that firms co-locate in cities to reduce costs of moving goods, people, and ideas. These 'forces agglomeration' have given rise, for example, high tech clusters San Francisco Boston, automobile cluster Detroit. Yet, despite its importance city planners industrial policy-makers, until recently there has been little success estimating relative each Marshallian channel location decisions firms. Here we explore a burgeoning literature aims exploit...

Knowledge of the spatial organization economic activity within a city is key to policy concerns. However, in developing cities with high levels informality, this information often unavailable. Recent progress machine learning together availability street imagery offers an affordable and easily automated solution. Here, we propose algorithm that can detect what call visible establishments using view imagery. By Medellín, Colombia as case study, illustrate how approach be used uncover...