Savannah woodlands of South Africa are dominated by fruit tree species that have a potential for commercial harvest from the wild. However, allometric equations enable quantification biomass trees non-existent. The aim this study was to develop fruit-based Strychnos madagascariensis and S. spinosa species. A total 80 were selected applying stratified sampling approach according four stem diameter classes during ripening period. For each tree, following parameters measured: biomass, at breast...

Abstract The importance of drought as a constraint to agriculture and forestry is increasing with climate change. Genetic improvement plants’ resilience one the mitigation strategies curb this threat. Although recovery from stress important long-term adaptation has been considered an indicator dehydration tolerance in annual crops, not well explored forest trees. Thus, we aimed investigate physiological transcriptional changes during rewatering Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill ex Maiden. We set up...

Excess soil magnesium (Mg) is thought to adversely affect peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) pod development by inhibiting calcium (Ca) uptake pods from the pod-zone. A solution culture experiment was therefore conducted examine effect of sulfate (MgSO4.7H2O) concentration (0 to1000 μM) in a simplified pod-zone containing (μM); ca. 101 sulfur (S), 100 Ca, 0.5 zinc (Zn), and 4 iron (Fe) on Mg Ca absorption developing three lines. There net influx into all solutions that contained Mg. The increased...

Improving the performance of mushroom in terms high production and fast growth rate is essential cultivation.In present study Pleurotus ostreatus was evaluated using varying levels wheat bran (WB) maize flour (MF).The results indicated that highly influenced by different supplementation, with 8% WB, 18% WB 2% MF having higher contamination rate.The low supplementation gave significantly better mycelial (MGR) shorter colonisation period as observed control had highest MGR whereby 20% lowest...

Abstract Fruits of Strychnos spinosa Lam. hold considerable food value within rural communities. However, no study has reported the nutritional profile S. morphotypes. Therefore, this is aimed to determine variation among Proximate composition was analyzed using association official analytical chemists’ methods, and minerals with inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy. The following were ranges proximate nutrient content determined: moisture (10.29–60.50%); fat (0.95–2.67%);...

Abstract Most investigations on the effect of acid soil legumes have focused growth, nodulation, nitrogen fixation, and mineral nutrient uptake. Very little attention has been given to effects H+ toxicity per se calcium (Ca) deficiency germination seedling survival legumes, particularly groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.). This paper reports solution pH external Ca seed germination, survival, growth cv. Falcon in sand culture. The treatments consisted values ranging from 3.0 6.0 Experiments 1 2,...

ABSTRACT Virginia peanut types need more calcium (Ca) in the soil than Spanish for high pod yield, but their actual solution and fruit tissue Ca requirements have not been well defined. A split root culture technique was used to examine effects of concentration on fruiting one cv. 'Virginia Bunch 1' 'TMV-2'. Plants were grown complete nutrient (root zone) containing 100 μM Ca, six treatments imposed which zone controlled at 0 2500 μM. 'TMV-2' produced some mature seeds with no added 81%...

The use of supplemented agricultural waste in mushroom cultivation can be one the environmentally friendly strategies for poverty alleviation. study evaluated performance Pleurotus pulmonarius grown on maize stalk with varying levels wheat bran (WB) and flour (MF). A completely random design was used experiments. It observed that significantly affected by supplementation, as 20% WB supplementation encountered higher contamination. lower gave shorter colonisation period better mycelial growth...

Strychnos spinosa Lam. of the Loganiaceae family is associated with versatility, poverty eradication, and rural economic development. However, morphological diversity S. not well documented. This limits efforts toward its improvement commercial exploitation. study aimed to characterize variability, vegetative reproductive traits, heritability morphotypes at Bonamanzi Game Reserve. The majority had green, rough, round immature fruits dark elongated, open fully developed leaves. Fruits varied...

Differential seed dormancy mechanisms arise among plant provenances and biotypes/ecotypes due to adaptations to local environmental cues that synchronise germination with optimal periods for seedling survival. This is one of the likely sources unpredictable variable often noted in semi-domesticated plants such as Cloeme and Amaranthus species. To test this, a study was conducted under laboratory conditions which two of Cloeme gynandra L. that differed pod sizes and two biotypes leaf markings...

ABSTRACT A growth chamber experiment and a field were conducted to investigate the effects of pelleting or priming groundnut seed with calcium (Ca), either as sulfate (CaSO4), chloride (CaCl2), nitrate [Ca(NO3)2], carbonate (CaCO3) Calcimax on seedlings in acid soils. In experiment, Ca-treated non-treated seeds planted acid-washed sand watered dilute nutrient solution pH 4.0 5.5. an clay loam [potassium (KCl)] 4.8. Generally, Ca compound significantly reduced seedling mortality. Also,...

ABSTRACT Most of the sandy soils that are suitable for production groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) in tropic and subtropics acidic. Whilst effects pH root zone have been studied, pod-zone on productivity remain relatively unknown. To develop appropriate soil management practices acid soils, it is essential to understand how low affects reproductive growth groundnut. Consequently, a glasshouse experiment was conducted which attached gynophores were cultured solution at ranging from 3.0 7.0....

ABSTRACT Calcium (Ca) deficiency is an important problem in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) production, with lines from the sub-species A. (Virginia type) being considered more susceptible to Ca than those of fastigata (Spanish and Valencia types). Fifteen comprising five Virginia bunch, one runner, six Spanish, two types, × Spanish cross were grown for 30 d continuously flowing solution culture at constant external concentrations ranging 9 2500 μM. Two required <9 μM near-maximum growth,...

A recently-developed solution culture technique was used to study the effects of aeration and calcium (Ca) on groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) pod development. Two experiments were conducted with seven lines, TMV-2, Chico A116L4 (Spanish), CBRR4 (Valencia), A125L25 (Valencia×Spanish), Shulamit Strain 1 (SH-1) Virginia Brunch (VB-1) (Virginia). Plants grown in a potting mix, attached gynophores cultured darkened polycarbonate jars containing nutrient solution. Non-aeration prevented...

Although the leaf miner attacking groundnut in Africa is widely reported as Aproaerema modicella (Deventer), a common (Arachis hypogaea L.) and soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) pest Indo-Asian countries, proper taxonomic identification of has not been done. A detection survey was conducted on groundnut, lucerne (Medicago sativa L.), host crops for A. modicella, at six separated sites South during 2009-2010 growing season. Sixty specimens comprising 24 larvae, pupae 12 moths GLM (54 from...

A groundnut pest occurring in South Africa and widely reported as Aproaerema modicella (Deventer) has recently been identified by mtDNA CO1 analysis simplexella (Walker), a strain native to Australia. Two experiments were conducted during 2011–2012 growing season at five sites Africa. The first experiment examined the preference of A. between groundnut, soya bean, lucerne, pigeon pea lablab (common known host crops for modicella). second effect cypermethrin on control bean two sites. Among...

The traditional use of medicinal plants in the management sexual dysfunctions has a long history. This study investigated testicular dysfunction ameliorative effect methanolic roots extracts Maytenus procumbens and Ozoroa paniculosa butanol-induced rat model. rats respective experimental groups were orally administered with extract at 50 250 mg/kg bw, daily for 28 days. cytotoxicity was evaluated against HEK293, MCF-7, HT29 cell lines. exhibited moderate (LC 30.3–330.2 μ g/mL) to weak...

Purpose: To evaluate the anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-acetylcholine esterase activities of betulinic acid (BA) 3β- acetoxybetulinic (BAA) from Melaleuca bracteata. ‘Revolution Gold’.Methods: Betulinic was isolated ethyl acetate extract M. braceteata while BAA synthesized by acetylation BA. Structural elucidation compounds achieved spectroscopic methods. Antioxidant potential determined using superoxide dismustase (SOD) catalase assay kits iron chelation activity assessed with...

Dry matter (DM) partitioning to pods, vines and roots of groundnut at maturity was examined as a function pod-zone calcium (Ca) supply (0–2500 μM) in Virginia cv. bunch 1 ('VB-1') Spanish 'TMV-2' grown split root-zone/pod-zone solution culture system. The Ca significantly affected growth DM distribution the two cultivars. pattern 'VB-1' differed considerably from that 'TMV-2'. At optimal supply, partitioned kernels 11% total plant biomass compared with 32% In both cultivars, vine root were...

Background: Oxidative stress is implicated in most life threaten diseases. Objectives: This study evaluated the phytochemical constituents and antioxidant activity of Lippia javanica's crude extracts. Methods: Phytochemical screening was carried out on pulverized javanica leaves using standard protocols. Crude extracts were prepared various solvents (hexane, acetone, ethylacetate, methanol, dichloromethane respectively), percentage yields calculated. The activities monitored with DPPH, ABTS...