Fast, simplified, and multiplexed detection of human papillomaviruses (HPVs) is great importance for both clinical management population screening. However, current HPV methods often require sophisticated instruments laborious procedures to detect multiple targets. In this work, we developed a simple microfluidic dual-droplet device (M-D3) the simultaneous HPV16 HPV18 by combining CRISPR-Cas12a system recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) assay. A new approach pressure/vacuum was...

The position and configuration of the C═C bond have a significant impact on spatial conformation unsaturated lipids, which subsequently affects their biological functions. Double isomerization lipids is an important mechanism bacterial stress response, but its in-depth mechanistic study still lacks effective analytical tools. Here, we developed visible-light-activated dual-pathway reaction system that enables simultaneous [2 + 2] cycloaddition catalytic cis–trans via directly excited...

Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved catabolic process and involved in the regulation of programmed cell death during plant immune response. However, mechanisms regulating autophagy are incompletely understood. Here, we demonstrate that Bax inhibitor-1 (BI-1), a highly regulator, interacts with ATG6, core autophagy-related protein. Silencing BI-1 reduced autophagic activity induced by both N gene-mediated resistance to Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) methyl viologen (MV), enhanced death. In...

Recent studies have shown that global translational reprogramming is an early activation event in pattern-triggered immunity, when plants recognize microbe-associated molecular patterns. However, it not fully known whether regulation also occurs subsequent immune responses, such as effector-triggered immunity (ETI). In this study, we performed genome-wide ribosome profiling Arabidopsis upon RPS2-mediated ETI and discovered specific groups of genes were translationally regulated, mostly...

Upon stress, eukaryotes typically reprogram their translatome through GCN2-mediated phosphorylation of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor, eIF2α, to inhibit general while selectively translating essential stress regulators. Unexpectedly, in plants, pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) and response other environmental stresses occur independently GCN2/eIF2α pathway. Here, we show that PTI induces mRNA decapping translation, defense mRNAs with a purine-rich element (“R-motif”) are...

The biological functions of lipids largely depend on their chemical structures. position and configuration C=C bonds are two the essential attributes that determine structures unsaturated lipids. However, simultaneous identification both remains challenging. Here, we develop a bifunctional visible-light-activated photocycloaddition-photoisomerization reaction system, which enables dual-resolving positional geometric isomerism in when combines with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry....

The recognition of pathogen effectors by their cognate nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) receptors activates effector-triggered immunity (ETI) in plants. ETI is associated with correlated transcriptional and translational reprogramming subsequent death infected cells. Whether ETI-associated translation actively regulated or passively driven dynamics remains unknown. In a genetic screen using reporter, we identified CDC123, an ATP-grasp protein, as key activator defense. During...

Mounting an efficient defense against pathogens requires RNA binding proteins (RBPs) to regulate immune mRNAs transcription, splicing, export, translation, storage, and degradation. RBPs often have multiple family members, raising the question of how they coordinate carry out diverse cellular functions. In this study, we demonstrate that EVOLUTIONARILY CONSERVED C-TERMINAL REGION 9 (ECT9), a member YTH protein in Arabidopsis, can condensate with its homolog ECT1 control responses. Among 13...

Plants employ distinct mechanisms to respond environmental changes. Modification of mRNA by

*The hairpin-based RNA interference (RNAi) technique plays an important role in exploring gene function plants. Although there are several methods for making hairpin (hpRNA) constructs, these usually need multiple relatively laborious, time-consuming or high-cost cloning steps. Here we describe a one-step, zero-background ligation-independent (OZ-LIC) method intron-containing hpRNA (ihpRNA) constructs by our vector pRNAi-LIC. *To generate the ihpRNA with zero-background, this only requires...

Abstract Upstream open reading frames (uORFs) are prevalent in eukaryotic mRNAs. They act as a translational control element for precisely tuning the expression of downstream major frame (mORF). uORF variation has been clearly associated with several human diseases. In contrast, natural variants plants have not ever identified or linked any phenotypic changes. The paucity such evidence encouraged us to generate this database-uORFlight (http://uorflight.whu.edu.cn). It facilitates exploration...

A 5′-leader, known initially as the 5′-untranslated region, contains multiple isoforms due to alternative splicings (aS) and transcription start sites (aTSS). Therefore, a representative 5′-leader is demanded examine embedded RNA regulatory elements in controlling translation efficiency. Here, we develop ranking algorithm deep-learning model annotate 5′-leaders for five plant species. We rank intra- inter-sample frequency of aS-mediated transcript using Kruskal-Wallis test-based identify...

The hypersensitive response (HR), a form of programmed cell death (PCD), is tightly regulated innate immune in plants that hypothesized to restrict pathogen growth and disease development. Although considerable efforts have been made understand HR PCD, it remains unknown whether the retrograde pathway from Golgi endoplasmic reticulum (ER) involved. Here we provide direct genetic evidence two Nicotiana benthamiana homologs, ERD2a ERD2b, function as ER luminal protein receptors participate...

Abstract Long Non‐Coding RNA Reprogramming (lncRNA‐ROR) plays an important role in regulating various biologic processes, whereas the effect of lncRNA‐ROR osteoarthritis (OA) is little studied. This study aimed to explore expression articular cartilage and identify functional mechanism OA. OA tissues were obtained from 15 patients, 6 normal set as controls. Chondrocytes isolated collected tissues. was knockdown cells overexpressed cells. Cell viability determined with Counting Kit‐8 assay,...

Effective modulation of gene expression in plants is achievable through tools like CRISPR and RNA interference, yet methods for directly modifying endogenous proteins remain lacking. Here, we identify the E3 ubiquitin ligase E3TCD1 develope a Targeted Condensation-prone-protein Degradation (TCD) strategy. The X-E3TCD1 fusion protein acts as genetically engineered degrader, selectively targeting prone to condensation. For example, transgenic with Teosinte branched 1 (TB1) degrades native TB1...

Summary OsWOX11 is a key essential determinant of crown root development in rice. However, either overexpression or downregulation results pleiotropic developmental defects, including dwarfism and reduced yield. Therefore, it necessary to ensure an optimal level expression for balancing the subterranean system aerial organ development. OsHsfA1a activates by directly binding heat stress element‐like elements within its promoter. Genetic evidence demonstrated that overexpressing knockout...

Redesigning upstream open reading frames could fine-tune target gene translation, thereby facilitating an optimal balance between plant growth and defense.