BACKGROUND Contemporary pacemakers (PMs) are powered by primary batteries with a limited energy-storing capacity.PM replacements because of battery depletion common and unpleasant bear the risk complications.Batteryless PMs that harvest energy inside body may overcome these limitations.OBJECTIVE The goal this study was to develop batteryless PM solar module converts transcutaneous light into electrical energy.METHODS Ex vivo measurements were performed modules placed under pig skin flaps...

A new pseudo asynchronous level crossing analogue-to-digital converter (adc) architecture targeted for low-power, implantable, long-term biomedical sensing applications is presented. In contrast to most of the existing adc designs, proposed design has no digital-to-analogue (dac) and continuous time comparators. Instead, uses an analogue memory cell dynamic The retains signal activity dependent sampling operation by generating events only when input changing. offers advantages smaller chip...

Contemporary leadless pacemakers only feature single-chamber pacing capability. This study presents a prototype of dual-chamber pacemaker. Highly energy-efficient intrabody communication was implemented for wireless pacemaker synchronization. Optimal parameters were obtained by in vivo and ex measurements the heart blood. The successfully performed vivo. presented method may future also enable cardiac resynchronization therapy.

Subdermal solar harvesting has the potential to obviate need for periodic battery replacements as required in patients with cardiac pacemakers. The achievable power output of subdermal module depends on implantation depth, optical skin properties and an important part cell characteristics. Monte Carlo simulations light distribution human were used estimate cells under midday sunlight exposure geographical mid-latitudes a function depth panel size. For darkest type, daily energy demand modern...

Electromagnetic stimulation of the phrenic nerve induces diaphragm contractions, but no coils for clinical use have been available. We recently demonstrated feasibility ventilation using bilateral transcutaneous noninvasive electromagnetic (NEPNS) before surgery in lung-healthy patients with healthy weight a dose-dependent manner.

Objective: A new generation of leadless cardiac pacemakers effectively overcomes the main limitations conventional devices, but only offer single-chamber pacing, although dual-chamber or multisite pacing is highly desirable for most patients. The combination several could facilitate a pacemaker requires an energy-efficient wireless communication device synchronization. This study investigates characteristics conductive intracardiac between to provide basis future designs systems. Methods:...

Abstract Background Mechanical ventilation has side effects such as ventilator-induced diaphragm dysfunction, resulting in prolonged intensive care unit length of stays. Artificially evoked diaphragmatic muscle contraction may potentially maintain function and thereby ameliorate or counteract dysfunction. We hypothesized that bilateral non-invasive electromagnetic phrenic nerve stimulation (NEPNS) results adequate contractions consecutively effective tidal volumes. Results This single-centre...

Every year, more than 2.5 million critically ill patients in the ICU are dependent on mechanical ventilation. The positive pressure lungs generated by ventilator keeps diaphragm passive, which can lead to a loss of myofibers within short time. To prevent ventilator-induced diaphragmatic dysfunction (VIDD), phrenic nerve stimulation may be used.

Life expectancy of contemporary cardiac pacemakers is limited due to the use an internal primary battery. Repeated device replacement interventions are necessary, which leads elevated risk for patients and increase health care costs. The aim our study investigate feasibility powering endocardial pacemaker by converting a minimal amount heart's kinetic energy into electric energy. intrinsic muscle activity makes it ideal candidate as continuous source pacemakers. For this reason, we developed...

<h3>BACKGROUND:</h3> Mechanical ventilation is widely used in ICU patients as a lifesaving intervention. Diaphragmatic atrophy and thinning occur from lack of contractions the diaphragm during mechanical ventilation. It may prolong weaning increase risk respiratory complications. Noninvasive electromagnetic stimulation phrenic nerves ameliorate seen with The objective this study was to show that noninvasive repetitive safe, feasible, effective stimulate both awake individuals anesthetized...

Aims To explore the use of time‐frequency analysis as an analytical tool to automatically detect pattern changes in bladder pressure recordings patients with overactive (OAB). provide quantitative data on bladder's non‐voiding activity which could improve current diagnosis and potentially treatment OAB. Methods We developed algorithm, based analysis, analyze during filling phase urodynamic studies. The algorithm was used generate a overactivity index (BOI) for estimation average...

Contemporary cardiac implantable electronic devices such as pacemakers or event recorders are powered by primary batteries. Device replacement due to battery depletion may cause complications and is costly. The goal of energy harvesting power the implant with from intracorporeal sources vibrations blood flow. By replacing batteries harvesters, reinterventions can be avoided size total device might reduced. This paper introduces a lever, which deflected stream within right ventricular outflow...

Long-term electrocardiogram (ECG) signals might suffer from relevant baseline disturbances during physical activity. Motion artifacts in particular are more pronounced with dry surface or esophageal electrodes which dedicated to prolonged ECG recording. In this paper we present a method called wander tracking (BWT) that tracks and rejects strong avoids concurrent saturation of the analog front-end. The proposed algorithm shifts level signal middle dynamic input range. Due fast offset shifts,...

Long-term electrocardiogram (ECG) often suffers from relevant noise. Baseline wander in particular is pronounced ECG recordings using dry or esophageal electrodes, which are dedicated for prolonged registration. While analog high-pass filters introduce phase distortions, reliable offline filtering of the baseline implies a computational burden that has to be put relation increase signal-to-baseline ratio (SBR). Here, we present graphics processor unit (GPU)-based parallelization method speed...

The emerging application of long-term and high-quality ECG recording requires alternative electrodes to improve the signal quality capability surface skin electrodes. esophageal has potential overcome these limitations but necessitates novel recorder lead designs. electrode material is particular interest, since ensure conflicting requirements like excellent biopotential properties inertness. To this end, materials PEDOT silver-PDMS as well established such stainless steel, platinum, gold,...

Asynchronous level crossing sampling analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) are known to be more energy efficient and produce fewer samples than their equidistantly counterparts. However, as the required threshold voltage is lowered, number of and, in turn, data rate consumed by overall system increases. In this paper, we present a cubic Hermitian vector-based technique for online compression asynchronously sampled electrocardiogram signals. The proposed method computationally compression....

The first commercial dual-chamber leadless pacemaker (LLPM) was introduced recently. system combines two separate implants situated in the right atrium and ventricle of heart. Implant synchronization is accomplished with conductive intracardiac communication (CIC) using myocardium blood as transmission channel. Successful implant this LLPM has been demonstrated. However, continuously active transceivers, consuming about 800 nA, cause a 25-45% reduction projected device longevity. This work...

Abstract Objectives To compare ultrasonic scaler prototypes based on a planar piezoelectric transducer with different working frequencies featuring titanium (Ti-20, Ti-28, and Ti-40) or stainless steel (SS-28) instrument, commercially available (com-29) in terms of biofilm removal reformation, dentine surface roughness adhesion periodontal fibroblasts. Materials methods A multi-species was formed specimens slices. Thereafter were instrumented scalers pocket model left untreated (control)....