To investigate the diversity of viral flora, we used metagenomics to study communities in a pooled faecal sample 27 diarrhoeic piglets from intensive commercial farms China. The 15 distinct mammalian viruses identified were, order abundance nucleic acid sequence, Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), sapovirus, porcine bocavirus-4 (PBoV-4), sapelovirus, torovirus, coronavirus, PBoV-2, stool-associated single-stranded DNA (poSCV), astrovirus (AstV), kobuvirus, posavirus-1, enterovirus-9...

The characteristics of volatile compounds from five different bacterial species, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella Enteritidis, Shigella flexneri, Staphylococcus aureus, and Listeria monocytogenes, growing, respectively, in trypticase soy broth were monitored by headspace solid-phase micro-extraction/gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. results showed that most organic (VOCs) pathogens started to increase after the sixth tenth hour. Methyl ketones long chain alcohols representative...

Porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC), a common piglet disease, causes substantive economic losses in pig farming. To investigate the viral diversity associated with PRDC, communities serum and nasal swabs from 26 PRDC-affected piglets were investigated using metagenomics. By deep sequencing de novo assembly, 17 viruses identified two pooled libraries (16 serum, nine swabs). circovirus (PCV)-2, porcine reproductive syndrome virus (PRRSV) pseudorabies virus, all commonly samples by...

To more efficiently identify the microbial community of yak rumen, standardization DNA extraction is key to ensure fidelity while studying environmental communities. In this study, we systematically compared efficiency several methods based on yield, purity, and 16S rDNA sequencing determine optimal whose products reflect complete bacterial The results indicate that method 6 (hexadecyltrimethylammomium bromide-lysozyme-physical lysis by bead beating) recommended for isolation rumen due its...

Abstract Background The selection of stably expressed reference genes is a prerequisite when evaluating gene expression, via real-time PCR, in cells response to viral infections. objective our study was identify suitable for mRNA expression analysis chicken embryonic fibroblasts (CEF) after infection with avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J). Findings levels 11 potential CEF infected ALV-J were determined by PCR. stability these analyzed and ranked using the geNorm tool. Analysis...

Bovine coronavirus (BCoV) is the causative agent of diarrhoea in newborn calves, winter dysentery adult cattle and respiratory tract illnesses across world. In this study, a total 190 faecal samples from dairy calves with were collected 14 farms six Chinese provinces, BCoV was detected 18.95% (36/190) by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Full-length spike, hemagglutinin/esterase (HE), nucleocapsid transmembrane genes simultaneously cloned 13 clinical (eight four provinces),...

Bovine coronavirus (BCoV) is an important pathogen of enteric and respiratory disease in cattle, resulting huge economic losses to the beef dairy industries worldwide. A specific sensitive detection assay for BCoV critical early-stage prevention control. We established a specific, sensitive, stable nucleic acid based on CRISPR/Cas13a combined with reverse transcription recombinase-aided amplification (RT-RAA) technology. The primers RT-RAA CRISPR RNA (crRNA) were designed conserved region...

The yak (Bos grunniens) is an iconic symbol in the high-altitude region of Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau. Diarrhoea a common disease yaks, resulting major economic losses. To investigate diversity viral species, we reported metagenomics-derived virome pooled faecal sample 20 diarrhoeic yaks. nine viruses found samples, order abundance nucleic acid sequence, were influenza A virus, bovine diarrhoea virus (BVDV), rotavirus, ungulate tetraparvovirus 1 (bovine hokovirus), astrovirus (AstV),...

Aichivirus D (AiV-D), a newly emerging member of the Kobuvirus genus, is associated with diarrhea in cattle. This study aimed to investigate prevalence and molecular characteristics AiV-D among dairy cattle China. From October 2021 August 2022, 279 fecal samples were collected from diarrheal across seven provinces Among these, 37 (13.2%) tested positive for by RT-PCR, indicating wide geographical distribution Chinese Phylogenetic analysis based on complete VP1 gene revealed that strains...

Staphylococcus aureus produces a spectrum of enterotoxin that is recognized as the main reason for causing staphylococcal food poisoning. The aim current study was to investigate phenotypic characteristics and genotypes S. isolated from poisoning sufferers. On basis amplification 16S rRNA nuc gene specific assay phenotype (hemolytic activity, thermal stable nuclease [Tnase] test, biofilm formation), all isolates were identified aureus. To genotypically characterize isolates, genes encoding...

Staphylococcus aureus produces a wide variety of staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs, SEA to SEX), which are responsible for food poisoning. This study is aimed establish system detect enterotoxin M (SEM) protein in matrixes. In the present study, sem gene was characterized S. isolate H4 associated with The amino acid sequence deduced SEM same as that previously identified from 04-02981. Subsequently, mature expressed Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) cells and purified Ni-NTA spin column. polyclonal...

The aim of this study was to investigate canine astrovirus (CaAstV) infection in southwest China. We collected 107 faecal samples from domestic dogs with obvious diarrhoea. Forty-two diarrhoeic (39.3 %) were positive for CaAstV by RT-PCR, and 41/42 showed co-infection coronavirus (CCoV), parvovirus-2 (CPV-2) distemper virus (CDV). Phylogenetic analysis based on 26 partial ORF1a ORF1b sequences revealed that most strains unique evolutionary features. Interestingly, putative recombination...

The yak (Bosgrunniens) is a unique domestic bovine species that plays an indispensable role for herdsmen in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Here, 336 diarrhoeic samples were collected from yaks on 29 farms Plateau 2015 to 2017. Approximately 69.05 % (232/336) of assessed as coronavirus (BCoV)-positive by RT-PCR assay, and most detected strains showed evolution based 40 spike (S), nucleocapsid (N) haemagglutinin-esterase (HE) gene fragments. Notably, 12 complete S genes shared 1 identical amino...

Recently, duck hepatitis A virus genotype C (DHAV-C), a causative agent of viral hepatitis, has been responsible for increasing economic losses in the industry China and South Korea. In this study, real-time PCR assay targeting 2C gene detecting DHAV-C was developed. The confirmed to be specific sensitive, minimum detection limit 3.36 × 10(3) copies per reaction, making suitable rapid diagnosis infection from clinical samples. addition, dynamics loads tissues specific-pathogen-free (SPF)...

Background Duck is an economically important poultry and animal model for human viral hepatitis B. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying host–virus interaction remain unclear because of limited information on duck genome. This study aims to characterize normal liver transcriptome identify differentially expressed transcripts at 24 h after A virus genotype C (DHAV-C) infection using Illumina–Solexa sequencing. Results After removal low-quality sequences assembly, a total 52,757...

Atypical porcine pestivirus (APPV) causes congenital tremor (CT) in piglets and has a wide geographical distribution. In this study, we evaluated APPV prevalence using 165 piglet sera from southwest China. Viral RNA was detectable by qRT-PCR 43.6 % (17/39, 95 CI 27.8-60.4 %) of with CT, while viral not detected the any healthy piglets. The seven complete genomes were obtained distinct farms 11 269-11 459 nucleotides length. strains shared 82.8-98 identity reference strains. Phylogenetic...

In this study, 98 diarrhoeic and 70 non-diarrhoeic samples were collected from 13 dairy farms located across 5 provinces in China April 2017 to May 2018. Approximately 41.8 % (41/98) of 5.7 (4/70) nebovirus-positive based on RT-PCR results, some co-infected with bovine rotavirus (73.2 %), coronavirus (36.6 %) and/or viral diarrhoea virus (31.7 %). A phylogenetic analysis 23 nebovirus RdRp fragments showed that these strains closely related Nebraska-like (NB-like) but all a unique large...

Yak is an iconic species of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, which world's highest plateau. Here, a total 541 yak diarrhoeic samples were collected from 69 farms in four provinces Plateau April 2015 to June 2018, and 73.6 % detected as Bovine Rotavirus A (BRVA) positive by RT-PCR assay. Two G genotypes (G6, G10) two P (P[1], P[11]) determined, G6P[1] BRVA was predominant strain. Moreover, VP7 VP4 these strains showed unique amino acid mutations, such that they clustered into independent branch...