Core Ideas After 3 yr, soybean yield was higher from multispecies than single‐ and double‐species cover cropping. Multispecies cropping had soil water inorganic N content less‐diverse treatments. Soil organic C unaffected by crop species diversity. Several years of are needed to achieve ecosystem benefits. has become popular in recent because the multiple benefits compared with or double‐ However, scientific studies on effects cropping—especially southern United States—are limited. A field...

Abstract Conservation agriculture (CA) based on minimum soil disturbance, crop residue retention and rotations is considered as a management system that could potentially increase quality mitigate the negative effects of climate variability. When CA combined with drought-tolerant (DT) maize varieties, farmers can reap benefits both—genetic improvement sustainable land management. New initiatives were started in 2007 Mozambique to test two climate-smart technologies farmers' fields. Long-term...

Abstract Climate extremes pose a global threat to crop security. Conservation agriculture is expected offer substantial climate adaptation benefits. However, synergistic effects of conservation practices on yield during normal versus extreme climates and underlying regulatory mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we analyze 29-years data, cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) yield, soil data under 32 management in Tennessee, USA. We find that long-term no-tillage enhanced agroecosystem resilience...

The identification of appropriate nitrogen (N) rates for native warm-season grasses (NWSG) is needed to inform forage management in the southeastern United States. Experiments were conducted Knoxville and Springfield, TN, from 2015 2019, evaluate dry matter (DM) yield, nutritive value (FNV), influence temperature precipitation on partial factor productivity (PFP) responses. Three NWSG species (big bluestem [BB; Andropogon gerardii Vitman], switchgrass [SG; Panicum virgatum L.], eastern...

Abstract Laboratory and field experiments were conducted using magnesium chloride (MgCl2) to force the precipitation of struvite (MgNH4PO4·6H2O) reduce concentration soluble phosphorus (SP) in swine waste. In laboratory experiments, reductions SP 76% (572 135 mg P l−1) observed raw manure after addition at a rate calculated provide 1.6:1 molar ratio (Mg) total phosphorus. Adjusting pH treated 9.0 with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) increased reduction 91% 50 l−1). X-ray diffraction precipitate...

The Haney Soil Health Test (HSHT) is a recent approach to quantify soil health by focusing mostly on biology. It uses new extractant (H3A) for the extraction of plant available nutrients, method respiration measurement (24-hr CO2 burst) using Solvita® gel system, and in determining bioavailable carbon (C) nitrogen (N) namely water extractable organic C (WEOC) N (WEON). A score calculated combining respiration, WEOC, WEON data. objective this study was test feasibility HSHT detect...

Combined application of biochar and nitrogen (N) fertilizer has the potential to reduce N losses from soil. However, effectiveness amendment on management can vary with types different physical chemical properties. This study aimed assess effect two hardwood ash contents cation exchange capacity (CEC) soil mineralization nitrous oxide (N 2 O) production when applied alone in combination fertilizer. Soil samples collected a temperate pasture system were amended (B1 B2), urea, urea plus...

Data are needed to identify optimum response potassium (K) and phosphorus (P) amendment associated mycorrhizal colonization for native warm-season grasses (NWSGs; big bluestem [BB; Andropogon gerardii Vitman] switchgrass [SG; Panicum virgatum L.]). To evaluate these responses, experiments were conducted in Knoxville Springfield, Tennessee, from 2013 2019. In twice-annual harvests, we assessed BB SG dry matter (DM) yield, crude protein (CP), total digestible nutrients (TDNs), P K removed by...

The use of site assessment indices to guide agricultural phosphorus (P) nutrient management has been widely adopted in the United States. This study compares P-index ratings from 12 southern states (Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, New Mexico, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Tennessee, and Texas) on fields representing three dominant systems: upland pasture, cornfield, artificially drained field. structure each varied enough produce divergent when...

The concentration of phytate is an important consideration when analyzing feed grain for livestock. Simple sequence repeat markers Satt237 and Satt561 were found to be linked quantitative trait loci (QTLs) in soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seed. Previous research also established a significant correlation between seed inorganic phosphorus (Pi) phytate. objectives this study confirm these QTL independent environments populations, compare the effectiveness marker‐assisted selection with...

Forty-eight states in the United States use phosphorus (P) indices to meet requirements of their Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) Code 590 Standard, which provides national guidance for nutrient management agricultural lands. The majority developed these without consultation or coordination with neighboring specific local conditions and policy needs. Using water quality land treatment data from six previously published articles, we compared P loads P-Index values ratings using...

Phosphorus (P) Indices in the southern United States frequently produce different recommendations for similar conditions. We compared risk ratings from 12 states (Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Tennessee, and Texas) using data collected benchmark sites (Arkansas, Texas). Index were developed both measured erosion losses each site Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation 2 predictions; mostly, there was no difference P...

Container-grown nursery crops generally require daily irrigation applications and potentially more frequent during the hottest part of growing season. Developing management practices that make efficient use water is important for improving sustainability crop production. Biochar, a byproduct pyrolysis, can increase water-holding capacity reduce nutrient leaching. In addition, development sensor-based technologies has made monitoring substrate moisture practical tool in industry. The...

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a rapid quantitative analytical technique that can be used to determine the elemental composition of numerous sample matrices, and it has been successfully applied in many types samples. However, for chemically physically complex soil samples, its ability controversial. Multivariate techniques have great potential analyzing LIBS spectra. To demonstrate feasibility as an alternative quantitatively analyze univariate partial least square (PLS) are...

Abstract A study was conducted to evaluate the response of glyphosate- and dicamba-tolerant (GDT) soybean weed control from cover crop different termination intervals before after planting. Cover biomass highest when terminated at planting, decreased with 7- 14-d preplant (DPP) day-after-planting (DAP) timings, again 14 DPP DAP timings. Glyphosate+dicamba provided total crops by 21 DAP. timing did not influence population or yield. Palmer amaranth 28 d (DAT) 97% 99%. Differences in were...

Abstract Incorporating native forbs within warm‐season grass (NWSG) pastures has the potential to benefit cattle, pollinators, and wildlife beyond that of NWSG monocultures. However, when grazing pastures, rotational stocking is recommended as opposed continuous stocking. Therefore, evaluate whether within‐season rest needed for pasture sustainability, two experiments were conducted near Greeneville, TN, 2017–2020, assess persistence an 11‐species forb blend was interseeded into established...

Nondigestible phytate salts that chelate nutritional minerals in the digestive tract of monogastric animals are an unwanted component soymeal [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] and a documented source nonpoint phosphorus (P) pollution waste stream detrimental to environment. Lowering soybean levels would ease environmental concerns improve mineral bioavailability. In 2013, field trial consisting two University Tennessee low‐phytate (LP) lines (56CX‐1273 56CX‐1283) high‐yielding check cultivars...

Abstract Quantifying the impacts of agricultural management on soil health is critical for making informed sustainable decisions as resources inevitably undergo alterations due to management. One recently popular and biology–based method assessment Haney Soil Health Test (HSHT), whose most recent version known “soil tool”, attempts integrate fertility. Comprehensive evaluation HSHT its underlying indicators in different agroecological regions currently lacking. This study therefore evaluates...

Water resources can be used more efficiently by including sustainable substrate components like coir that increase water-holding capacity. The first objective of this study was to evaluate the impact amendment rate on plant available water and gas exchange, with goal optimizing determining optimum in a greenhouse environment. second establish method using either exchange parameters or physical properties. Greenhouse experiments were conducted Hydrangea paniculata ‘Jane’ (Little Lime® hardy...

Over the past 25 or so years soil health has been broadly studied, sometimes justly criticized, but commonly accepted and appreciated by stakeholders. Rather than follow approach from over last 10 to 15 of concentrating on details indicators agglomerated indices, recent publications have instead begun analyze broader questions that never really satisfactorily answered, including about rationale, limitations, true meaning health. This article joins trend toward deeper analysis examining...

Best Management Practices (BMPs) contribute to a broader range of efforts improve the environmental performance livestock sector and its impact on water quality. This research evaluates survey cattle producers in an East Tennessee watershed parts five surrounding watersheds, along with factors correlated preferences for BMPs designed reduce sediment, nutrient, fecal coliform contamination surface waters by limiting access streams. The objective was gather behavioral information about...