We document the widespread existence of antisocial punishment, that is, sanctioning people who behave prosocially. Our evidence comes from public goods experiments we conducted in 16 comparable participant pools around world. However, there is a huge cross-societal variation. Some punished high contributors as much they low contributors, whereas others only contributors. In some pools, punishment was strong enough to remove cooperation-enhancing effect punishment. also show weak norms civic...

Due to betrayal aversion, people take risks less willingly when the agent of uncertainty is another person rather than nature. Individuals in six countries (Brazil, China, Oman, Switzerland, Turkey, and United States) confronted a binary-choice trust game or risky decision offering same payoffs probabilities. Risk acceptance was calibrated by asking individuals their “minimum acceptable probability” (MAP) for securing high payoff that would make them willing accept sure payoff. People's MAPs...

Understanding the proximate and ultimate sources of human cooperation is a fundamental issue in all behavioural sciences. In this paper, we review experimental evidence on how people solve problems. Existing studies show without doubt that direct indirect reciprocity are important determinants successful cooperation. We also discuss insights from large literature role peer punishment sustaining The experiments demonstrate many ‘strong reciprocators’ who willing to cooperate punish others...

Does the cultural background influence success with which genetically unrelated individuals cooperate in social dilemma situations? In this paper, we provide an answer by analysing data of Herrmann et al. (2008a), who studied cooperation and punishment 16 subject pools from six different world cultures (as classified Inglehart & Baker (2000)). We use analysis variance to disentangle importance relative individual heterogeneity group-level differences cooperation. find that culture has a...

We study how conflict in contest games is influenced by rival parties being groups and group members able to punish each other. Our motivation stems from the analysis of sociopolitical conflict. The theoretical prediction that expenditures are independent size whether punishment available. find, first, substantially larger than those individuals, both above equilibrium. Second, allowing other leads even expenditures. These results contrast with public goods experiments where enhances...

Journal Article Social Comparison and Effort Provision: Evidence from a Field Experiment Get access Alain Cohn, Cohn 1Department of Economics, University Zurich Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Ernst Fehr, Fehr Benedikt Herrmann, Herrmann 2School Nottingham Frédéric Schneider the European Economic Association, Volume 12, Issue 4, 1 August 2014, Pages 877–898, https://doi.org/10.1111/jeea.12079 Published: 01 2014

We introduce two variants of the one‐shot joy‐of‐destruction minigame (mini‐JOD). Two players are endowed with same amount money. They simultaneously decide whether or not to reduce other player's payoff at an own cost. In one treatment there was a probability that nature would destroy opponent's money anyway. test this feature reduces moral costs nastiness, and find destruction rates rise significantly, despite absence strategic reasons. ( JEL C72, C91, D03)

Humans are willing to incur personal costs punish others who violate social norms. Such “costly punishment” is an important force for sustaining human cooperation, but the causal neurobiological determinants of punishment decisions remain unclear. Using a combination behavioral, pharmacological, and neuroimaging techniques, we show that manipulating serotonin system in humans alters costly by modulating responses fairness retaliation striatum. Following dietary depletion precursor...

Why is private investment so low in Gulf compared to Western countries? We investigate cross-regional differences trust and reference points for trustworthiness as possible factors. Experiments controlling institutions beliefs about reveal that citizens pay much more than Westerners avoid trusting, hardly respond when returns trusting change. These can be explained by subjects' gain/loss utility relative their region's point trustworthiness. The relation-based production of the induces...

Abstract In the Ultimatum Game, a proposer suggests how to split sum of money with responder. If responder rejects proposal, both players get nothing. Rejection unfair offers is regarded as form punishment implemented by fair-minded individuals, who are willing impose cooperation norm at personal cost. However, recent research using other experimental frameworks has observed non-negligible levels antisocial competitive, spiteful which can eventually undermine cooperation. Using two...

Costly punishment of cheaters who contribute little or nothing to a cooperating group has been extensively studied, as an effective means enforce cooperation. The prevailing view is that individuals use retaliate against transgressions moral standards such fairness equity. However, there much debate regarding the psychological underpinnings costly punishment. Some authors suggest must be product humans' capacity for reasoning, self-control and long-term planning, whereas others argue it...

Although hypopituitarism is a known complication of traumatic head injury, it may be under-recognized due to its subtle clinical manifestations. To address this issue, we determine the prevalence neuroendocrine abnormalities in patients rehabilitating from severe brain injury (Glasgow Coma Scale ≤ 8). 76 (mean age 39 ± 14 yr; range 18 - 65; 53 males and 23 females; BMI 25.8 4.2 kg/m²; mean SD) with an average 22 10 months before study (median, 20 months), underwent series standard endocrine...

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), defined as the combination of oligoanovulation and hyperandrogenism, affects more than 5% women reproductive age. Insulin resistance hyperinsulinemia appear to play an important role in its pathogenesis. Here, we will present a characterization PCOS cohort from North Rhine-Westphalia Germany. Clinical features, family history well endocrine metabolic parameters were prospectively recorded 200 successive patients. All patients evaluated for insulin...

Punishing group members who parasitize their own group's resources is an almost universal human behavior, as evidenced by multiple cross-cultural and theoretical studies.Recently, researchers in social behavioral sciences have identified a puzzling phenomenon called "antisocial punishment": some people are willing to pay cost "punish" those act ways that benefit shared group.Interestingly, the expression of antisocial punishment behavior regionally diverse linked socio-psychological...

Can decentralization of political powers increase trust in government? We present quasi-experimental evidence from Ukraine where has been among the lowest levels worldwide. The national government devolved and resources to newly formed local governments (hromadas) between 2015 2020; this includes a substantial share taxes on incomes. exploit differences timing reform. Difference-in-differences estimations show that citizens decentralized communities report more authorities participate often...

Introduction: We determined the prevalence of anterior pituitary dysfunction in a multi-centre screening program across five German endocrine centres patients rehabilitating from TBI (GCS<13).

The ultimatum game (UG) is widely used to study human bargaining behavior and fairness norms. In this game, two players have agree on how split a sum of money. proposer makes an offer, which the responder can accept or reject. If rejects, neither player gets anything. prevailing view that, beyond self-interest, desire equalize both players' payoffs (i.e., fairness) crucial motivation in UG. Based view, previous research suggests that short-run oriented motive conflicts with long-run goal...