The purpose of this study was to determine the contributions specific capsuloligamentous structures restraining superior-inferior translation glenohumeral joint. Eleven cadaveric shoulders were tested using a four degrees-of-freedom test apparatus. humerus free translate in three planes and flex extend when superior inferior force 50 N applied. Testing performed positions abduction (0 degree, 45 degrees, 90 degrees) rotation (neutral, maximum internal, external). Shoulders intact, vented,...

Anatomical dissection and biomechanical testing were used to study twenty-eight cadaveric elbows in order determine the role of medial collateral ligament under valgus loading. The was composed anterior, posterior, occasionally transverse bundles. anterior bundle was, turn, posterior bands that tightened reciprocal fashion as elbow flexed extended.Sequential cutting performed while rotation caused by torque measured. band primary restraint at 30, 60, 90 degrees flexion a co-primary 120...

This study examines the hypothesis that recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 can enhance ingrowth into a tendon graft placed tunnel. We transplanted long digital extensor drill hole in proximal tibia 65 adult mongrel dogs. applied two different doses of protein to tendon-bone interface one limb using an absorbable type I collagen sponge carrier and only contralateral (control) limb. The healed attachment was evaluated at serial times between 3 days 8 weeks radiography, histologic...

The role of the posterolateral and cruciate ligaments in restraining knee motion was studied 11 human cadaveric knees. sectioned included lateral collateral arcuate ligaments, popliteofibular ligament, popliteal tendon attachment to tibia. Combined sectioning anterior resulted maximal increases primary posterior translations at 30 degrees flexion. Primary varus, internal, coupled external rotation also increased were translation, varus rotation, all angles Examination 90 flexion can...

Thirty-seven bone-patellar tendon-bone composite grafts from the knees of 21 human cadavers were tested to failure. Average donor age was 28 years. The composites divided into 4 groups: 3 groups with 10 (5 pairs) and 1 group 7 6 donors. In Group we 10- versus 15-mm wide that used without twisting; II, mm twisting 10-mm twisted 90°; III, 90° 180°; IV, 7-mm not twisted. tests performed using a newly described potting technique clamp system servohydraulic testing machine an elongation rate 5...

We have recently become aware of a strong direct attachment the popliteal tendon to fibula. To investigate importance this attachment, we ex amined 20 cadaveric knees. The popliteofibular liga ment was identified in all cross-sectional area ligament 6.9 ± 2.1 mm 2 , compared with 7.2 2.7 for lateral collateral ligament. Biomechanical testing these structures, simulating purely varus stress on knee, revealed that always failed first, followed by ligament, and then muscle belly popliteus. mean...

The popliteal tendon has a significant attachment to the fibula, popliteofibular ligament. role of this ligament in knee stability not been determined. In study we used selective cutting techniques measure static contribution attachments tibia and for knee. Sectioning all posterolateral structures except or resulted increased primary posterior translation, varus rotation, external coupled rotation. Although statistically significant, these increases were small. larger Our data indicate that...

To determine the effect of an externally applied joint- compressive load and a quadriceps muscle force on knee motion, we tested nine intact cadaveric knees four after sectioning anterior cruciate liga ment. Anteroposterior translation was measured at 0°, 15°, 30°, 45°, 90° flexion appli cation anteroposterior 100 N, 0, 111, 222, 333, or 444 0 133 N. Both joint-compressive significantly decreased to tal by as much 50% 66% in 42% 71 % ligament-sectioned knees. A substantial trans lation also...

Background: Macrophages accumulate following tendon-to-bone repair and may contribute to the formation of a scar-tissue interface rather than reformation normal insertion site. We hypothesized that macrophage depletion lead improved site regeneration, in form "scar-less" healing reactive formation. Methods: One hundred ninety-two Sprague-Dawley rats underwent anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with use flexor tendon autograft were divided into control group (ninety-six rats) liposomal...

In recent years there has been an increased interest in the treatment of acquired pes planus. The breakdown medial longitudinal arch is most often seen at talonaviculocalcaneal articulation. This suggests a relationship between ligamentous complex this articulation and study was undertaken to gain better understanding gross, histologic, microvascular anatomy, as well biomechanics structures surrounding Cadaver dissections 38 fresh-frozen feet were performed. Detailed descriptions gross...

Background Early protection of articular cartilage, before degenerative changes appear on radiographs, should result in better long-term results, but scientific evidence regarding the effectiveness meniscal transplantation is lacking. Purpose To assess chondroprotective effects a new allograft animal model and evaluate magnetic resonance imaging parameter, T2 mapping, cartilage after meniscectomy transplantation. Study Design Controlled laboratory study. Methods Forty-five skeletally mature...

Successful anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction requires secure healing between tendon and bone.Bone morphogenetic protein-signaling plays an important role in tendon-to-bone healing. rhBMP-2, a powerful osteoinductive agent, can improve tendon-bone interdigitation.Controlled laboratory study.The study was designed 2 phases: Phase I consisted of dose-response where 21 New Zealand White rabbits underwent bilateral reconstructions. Rabbits received either rhBMP-2 (11.5, 50, or 115 microg)...

Tendon-bone healing after rotator cuff repair occurs by fibrovascular scar tissue formation, which is weaker than a normal tendon-bone insertion site. Growth factors play role in formation and have the potential to augment soft perioperative period.Our study aim was determine if rhPDGF-BB delivery on collagen scaffold can improve tendon-to-bone supraspinatus tendon compared with no growth factor rats as measured (1) gross observations; (2) histologic analysis; (3) biomechanical...

Background: Joint motion is commonly prescribed after tendon repair surgeries such as rotator cuff repairs; however, the ideal rehabilitation program to optimize tendon-to-bone healing unknown. Hypotheses: (1) Delayed loading would result in a mechanically stronger and better organized interface compared with prolonged immobilization or immediate loading. (2) Low-magnitude load lead superior high-magnitude load. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: A total of 192 rats...

Background: Many orthopaedic surgical procedures involve reattachment of a single tendon to bone. Whether tendon-to-bone healing is better facilitated by fixation within bone tunnel or on cortical surface unknown. The purpose this study was evaluate tendon-healing compared with that the in rabbit model biceps tenodesis. Methods: Thirty-two rabbits (24 weeks age) underwent unilateral proximal tenodesis (BT group) (SA [surface attachment] group). Postoperatively, were allowed free-cage...

Tendon-to-bone healing occurs by formation of a fibrous, scar tissue interface rather than regeneration normal insertion. Because inflammatory cells such as macrophages lead to fibrous tissue, we hypothesized immobilization would allow resolution acute inflammation and result in improved tendon-bone healing. We reconstructed the ACL 60 Sprague-Dawley rats using tendon autograft. An external fixation device was used immobilize surgically treated knee 30 rats. evaluated width, collagen fiber...

Healing of a tendon graft in bone tunnel depends on ingrowth into the interface between and bone. Excessive osteoclastic activity may contribute to resorption, widening, impaired healing. We hypothesized that inhibition by osteoprotegerin (OPG) would increase formation around anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction rabbit model, while increased due application receptor activator nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL) impair ingrowth.Sixty skeletally mature, male New Zealand White rabbits...