A5020997464- HIV Research and Treatment
- HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment
- Immune Cell Function and Interaction
- RNA Interference and Gene Delivery
- HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- Herpesvirus Infections and Treatments
- Cytomegalovirus and herpesvirus research
- CRISPR and Genetic Engineering
- HIV-related health complications and treatments
- Virology and Viral Diseases
- vaccines and immunoinformatics approaches
- RNA Research and Splicing
- interferon and immune responses
- Virus-based gene therapy research
- Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Toxoplasma gondii Research Studies
- RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms
- Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
- Ubiquitin and proteasome pathways
- Bacteriophages and microbial interactions
- Genomics and Chromatin Dynamics
- Advanced biosensing and bioanalysis techniques
- Mosquito-borne diseases and control
- Immune Response and Inflammation
- Tryptophan and brain disorders
Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research
2016-2025
Karnataka Institute of Medical Sciences
2021
National Institute of Science, Technology and Development Studies
2010
Howard Hughes Medical Institute
1996-1998
University of Michigan
1996-1998
Henry M. Jackson Foundation
1998
Ann Arbor VA Medical Center
1997
Acetylation of histones and non-histone proteins is an important post-translational modification involved in the regulation gene expression eukaryotes all viral DNA that integrates into human genome (e.g. immunodeficiency virus). Dysfunction histone acetyltransferases (HATs) often associated with manifestation several diseases. In this respect, HATs are new potential targets for design therapeutics. study, we report curcumin (diferuloylmethane), a major curcumanoid spice turmeric, specific...
The resistance of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) to traditional drug therapy has prompted a search for alternative treatments this disease. One potential approach is provide genetic viral replication prolong latency. This strategy requires the definition effective antiviral genes that extend survival T cells in human virus (HIV)-infected individuals. We report results study designed determine whether intervention can HIV-infected Gene transfer was performed enriched CD4+ with...
ABSTRACT Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-associated dementia (HAD) is correlated with increased monocyte migration to the brain, and incidence of HAD among otherwise asymptomatic subjects appears be lower in India than United States Europe (1 2% versus 15 30%). Because genetic differences between HIV-1 strains circulating these regions, we sought identify viral determinants associated this difference. We targeted Tat protein for studies view its association chemotactic function....
Abstract Background The treatment of AIDS remains a serious challenge owing to high genetic variation Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1). use different antiretroviral drugs (ARV) is significantly limited by severe side-effects that further compromise the quality life patient. In present study, we have evaluated liposome system for delivery nevirapine, hydrophobic non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor. Liposomes were prepared from egg phospholipids using thin film hydration....
Intracellular expression of gene products that inhibit viral replication have the potential to complement current antiviral approaches treatment AIDS. We previously shown a mutant inhibitory form an essential protein, Rev M10, prolongs survival T cells transduced with nonviral vector in HIV-infected individuals. Because these gene-modified were not observed patients beyond 8 weeks, efforts made improve duration engraftment. In this study, we used retroviral delivery M10 CD4 + and analyzed...
Abstract Objective Human immunodeficiency virus‐1 (HIV‐1) causes mild to severe cognitive impairment and dementia. The transactivator viral protein, Tat, is implicated in neuronal death responsible for neurological deficits. Several clades of HIV‐1 are unequally distributed globally, which B C together account the majority infections. HIV‐1–related deficits appear be most common clade B, but not prevalent areas. Whether clade‐specific differences translate varied neuropathogenesis known,...
Abstract Cerebral toxoplasmosis remains one of the most common focal brain lesions in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Diagnosis is a challenge because on cranial imaging it closely mimics central nervous system lymphoma, primary and metastatic (CNS) tumors, or other intracranial infections like tuberculoma abscesses. A magnetic resonance (MRI) feature postcontrast T1‐weighted sequences considered pathognomonic “eccentric target sign.” The pathological correlate this...
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated dementia (HAD) is common among clade B HIV-infected individuals, but less and severe individuals infected with C HIV-1, suggesting clade-specific differences in neuropathogenicity. Although neuropathogenicity have been investigated vitro using viral proteins responsible for HAD, to date there are no virological studies animal models address this issue. Therefore, we neuropathogenesis induced by HIV-1 clades the combined immune deficiency (SCID)...
The ability of HIV to establish long-lived latent infection is mainly due transcriptional silencing viral genome in resting memory T lymphocytes. Here, we show that new semi-synthetic ingenol esters reactivate reservoirs. Amongst the tested compounds, 3-caproyl-ingenol (ING B) was more potent reactivating than known activators such as SAHA, 3,20-dibenzoate, TNF-α, PMA and HMBA. ING B activated PKC isoforms followed by NF-κB nuclear translocation. As virus reactivation dependent on intact...
We demonstrate that at least three different promoter variant strains of HIV-1 subtype C have been gradually expanding and replacing the standard viruses in India, possibly South Africa other global regions, over past decade. The new viral contain an additional NF-κB, NF-κB-like, or RBEIII site promoter. Although acquisition is a property shared by all subtypes, acquiring NF-κB remains exclusive C. acquired κB genetically distinct, binds p50-p65 heterodimer, strengthens levels transcription...
Cerebral toxoplasmosis is a frequent cause of focal brain lesions in the setting immunodeficiency states, particularly acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) an important diagnostic modality to differentiate from tuberculoma, primary central nervous system lymphoma with diverse therapeutic implications. Several patterns have been described cerebral toxoplasmosis. The "concentric target sign" recently MRI sign on T2-weighted that has concentric...
Background India has the third largest HIV-1 epidemic with 2.4 million infected individuals. Molecular epidemiological analysis identified predominance of subtype C (HIV-1C). However, previous reports have been limited by sample size, and uneven geographical distribution. The introduction HIV-1C in remains uncertain due to this lack structured studies. To fill gap, we characterised distribution pattern subtypes based on data collection from nationwide clinical cohorts between 2007 2011. We...
Linker histone H1 plays an essential role in chromatin organization. Proper deposition of linker as well its removal is for dynamics and function. chaperones perform this important task during assembly other DNA-templated phenomena the cell. Our vitro data show that multifunctional chaperone NPM1 interacts with through first acidic stretch (residues 120-132). Association was also observed cells culture. exhibited remarkable activity, it able to efficiently deposit onto dinucleosomal...
HIV-1 Clade C (Subtype C; HIV-1C) is responsible for greater than 50% of infections worldwide. Unlike clade B B; HIV-1B), which known to cause HIV associated dementia (HAD) in approximately 15% 30% the infected individuals, HIV-1C has been linked with lower prevalence HAD (0 6%) India and Ethiopia. However, recent studies report a higher South Africa, Zambia Botswana, where predominate. Therefore, we examined whether Southern African genetically distinct investigated its neurovirulence. Tat...
ABSTRACT DNA vaccines have been successful in eliciting potent immune responses mice. Their efficiency, however, is restricted larger animals. One reason for the limited performance of lack molecular strategies to enhance responses. Additionally, genes directly cloned from pathogenic organisms may not be efficiently translated a heterologous host expression system as consequence codon bias. To evaluate influence optimization on response, we elected use Tat antigens human immunodeficiency...
ABSTRACT Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) subtype C viruses are associated with nearly half of worldwide HIV-1 infections and most predominant in India the southern eastern parts Africa. Earlier reports from identified preponderance a small proportion A viruses. Subsequent identifying multiple subtypes suggest new introductions and/or their detection due to extended screening. The constitute emerging areas epidemic, but it is not known whether infection these or potential...
Acacia catechu (Mimosa family) stem bark extracts have been used traditionally as a dietary supplement well folk medicine given its reported anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, hepatoprotective, antioxidant, anti-microbial and anti-tumor activities. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the anti-HIV-1 activity of from A. catechu.The aqueous 50% ethanolic were prepared extract further fractioned by successively partitioning with petroleum ether, chloroform n-butanol. All fractions...
Abstract Background Of the diverse subtypes of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type-1 (HIV-1), subtype-C strains cause a large majority infections worldwide. The reasons for global dominance HIV-1 are not completely understood. Tat, being critical viral infectivity and pathogenesis, may differentially modulate pathogenic properties subtypes. Biochemical studies on Tat hampered by limitations current purification protocols. purified using standard protocols often is competent transactivation...
Abstract Objectives HIV-1 enters the central nervous system (CNS) early in infection, and a significant proportion of people with HIV experience CNS complications despite anti-retroviral therapy. Chronic immune dysfunction, inflammatory cytokines chemokines, viral proteins like Tat gp120 released by HIV-1-infected cells are implicated pathogenesis HIV-1-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). Methods To elucidate contribution non-viral factors to HIV-1, comparative analysis neurovirulent...
ABSTRACT Despite long-term suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART), immune dysregulation due to impaired reconstitution of CD4+ T cells is a major hurdle for reducing morbidity and mortality in HIV-1-infected immunological non-responders (INRs, ≤350 cells/µL). To evaluate potential factors associated with T-cell reconstitution, we performed comprehensive immunophenotyping multiple subsets among individuals high (>350 cells/µL) low (≤350 cells, either ART-naïve or ART-exposed (median, 10...
The Reverse Transcriptase of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is distinguished for its high rate homologous recombination. A less-studied consequence this phenomenon increased occurrence non-homologous recombination, which results in length polymorphism. While most these genome-wide variations are sporadic, some provide a replication advantage to variant strains, such as those Long Terminal Repeat (LTR) and p6-Gag regions. By analyzing sequences from two regions HIV-1 databases, we...